Ciro Santilli
$$ Sponsor Ciro $$
中国独裁统治 China Dictatorship 新疆改造中心、六四事件、法轮功、郝海东、709大抓捕、2015巴拿马文件 邓家贵、低端人口、西藏骚乱
Science
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Ciro Santilli's Homepage
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77k
Table of contents
77k
Philosophy of Science
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Science
0
Reproducibility
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Philosophy of Science
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Replication crisis
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Reproducibility
107
Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
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Replication crisis
54
Big companies manage to publish white papers in peer reviewed journals
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Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
36
Papers With Code
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Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
0
Never trust an experiment that is not supported by a good theory
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Philosophy of Science
79
Physics and the illusion of life
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Philosophy of Science
635
Animation of molecular biology processes
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Physics and the illusion of life
135
XVIVO Scientific Animation
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Animation of molecular biology processes
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How to make animations of molecular biology processes
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Animation of molecular biology processes
6
David Goodsell (watercolor molecular biology painter)
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Animation of molecular biology processes
5
Clarafi
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Animation of molecular biology processes
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Alan Watts controlled dream of life talk
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Physics and the illusion of life
146
Rick and Morty A Life Well Lived
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Physics and the illusion of life
38
Reductionism
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Philosophy of Science
4
First principle
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Reductionism
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From first principles
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First principle
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Empirical formula
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First principle
4
Emergence
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Reductionism
5
Natural science
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Science
52
Physics
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Natural science
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How to teach and learn physics
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Physics
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Physics education needs more focus on understanding experiments and their history
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How to teach and learn physics
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There is value in tutorials written by early pioneers of the field
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Physics education needs more focus on understanding experiments and their history
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Doing physics means calculating a number
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How to teach and learn physics
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It is OK to treat things as black boxes
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How to teach and learn physics
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The most important physics experiments
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Physics
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Physics experiment without a decent modern video
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The most important physics experiments
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Aharonov-Bohm effect
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The most important physics experiments
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Compton scattering (1923)
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The most important physics experiments
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Photoelectric effect
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The most important physics experiments
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System of units
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Physics
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Physical constant
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System of units
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Unit of measurement
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System of units
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List of systems of units
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System of units
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International System of Units (SI)
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List of systems of units
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Origins of Precision by Machine Thinking (2017)
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International System of Units
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Versions of the international System of Units
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International System of Units
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2019 redefinition of the SI base units
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Versions of the international System of Units
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Ampere in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units
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International System of Units
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Ampere
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International System of Units
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Kilogram
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International System of Units
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Kibble balance
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Kilogram
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Time
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International System of Units
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Frequency
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Time
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Period (physics)
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Frequency
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Hertz (1857-1894)
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Frequency
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Megahertz
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Hertz
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Clock
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Time
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Quartz clock
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Clock
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Atomic clock
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Clock
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Caesium standard (1967, 3.26 cm)
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Atomic clock
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Unit of time
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Time
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Decimal time
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Unit of time
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Second (s)
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Unit of time
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Day (d)
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Unit of time
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Calendar
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Day
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Year (y)
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Unit of time
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Length
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International System of Units
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Meter
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Length
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Micrometer
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Meter
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Nanometer
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Meter
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Angstrom (Ä)
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Meter
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Picometer (pm)
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Meter
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Gauge block
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Length
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Light year
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Length
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Geiger counter
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International System of Units
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Natural units
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International System of Units
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Planck units
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Natural units
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Imperial units
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System of units
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Particle physics
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Physics
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Electromagnetism
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Particle physics
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Maxwell's equations (1861)
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Electromagnetism
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Faraday's law of induction
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Maxwell's equations
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Electromagnetic induction
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Faraday's law of induction
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Inductive sensor
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Electromagnetic induction
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Lorentz force
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Maxwell's equations
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Explicit scalar form of the Maxwell's equations
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Maxwell's equations
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Overdetermination of Maxwell's equations
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Explicit scalar form of the Maxwell's equations
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Coulomb's law
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Maxwell's equations
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Solutions of Maxwell's equations
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Maxwell's equations
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Maxwell's equations with pointlike particles
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Solutions of Maxwell's equations
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Maxwell's equations in 2D
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Maxwell's equations
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Existence and uniqueness of solutions to Maxwell's equations
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Maxwell's equations
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Electric field (
E
)
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Maxwell's equations
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Electric charge
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Electric field
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Charge conservation
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Electric charge
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Electric current
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Electric charge
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Electric potential (
ϕ
)
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Electric field
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Volt (V)
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Electric potential
0
Voltmeter
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Volt
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Voltage
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Volt
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Electronvolt
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Volt
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Hall effect
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Maxwell's equations
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Electromagnetic four-potential
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Maxwell's equations
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Electromagnetic tensor (
F
μ
ν
)
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Electromagnetic four-potential
0
Four-current
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Electromagnetic four-potential
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Lorentz gauge condition
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Electromagnetic four-potential
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Coulomb gauge
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Lorentz gauge condition
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Magnetism
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Electromagnetism
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Magnetic field (
B
)
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Magnetism
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Magnetic moment
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Magnetism
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Magnetometer
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Magnetism
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Magnetic flux
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Magnetism
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Magnetic vector potential (
A
)
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Magnetism
0
Relativity
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Particle physics
0
Special relativity
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Relativity
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Invariance of the speed of light
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Special relativity
0
History of special relativity
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Special relativity
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Luminiferous aether
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History of special relativity
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Aether theory
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Luminiferous aether
0
Aether drag hypothesis
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History of special relativity
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Lorentz ether theory
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Aether drag hypothesis
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Special relativity experiment
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Special relativity
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Aberration (astronomy)
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Special relativity experiment
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Fizeau experiment
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Special relativity experiment
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Michelson-Morley experiment
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Special relativity experiment
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Hafele-Keating experiment (Special relativity atomic clock on planes experiment)
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Special relativity experiment
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Einstein synchronization
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Special relativity
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Frame of reference
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Einstein synchronization
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Inertial frame of reference
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Frame of reference
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Lorentz transformation
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Special relativity
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Lorentz covariance
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Lorentz transformation
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Lorentz invariant
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Lorentz covariance
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Lorentz transform consequence: everyone sees the same speed of light
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Lorentz transformation
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Length contraction
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Lorentz transformation
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Terrell rotation
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Length contraction
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Time dilation
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Lorentz transformation
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Transversal time dilation
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Time dilation
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Transverse Doppler effect
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Time dilation
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Twin paradox
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Lorentz transformation
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Maxwell's equations require special relativity
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Special relativity
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Deriving magnetism from electricity and relativity
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Maxwell's equations require special relativity
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Moving magnet and conductor problem
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Maxwell's equations require special relativity
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Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
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Maxwell's equations require special relativity
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Maxwell's equations are Lorentz invariant
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Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
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Maxwell's equations imply that the speed of light is the same for all inertial reference frames
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Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
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Maxwell Lagrangian
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Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
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Spacetime
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Special relativity
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Four-vector
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Spacetime
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Four-gradient
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Spacetime
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Minkowski space
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Spacetime
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Minkowski inner product
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Minkowski space
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Minkowski inner product matrix (
η
μ
ν
)
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Minkowski inner product
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Spacetime diagram
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Spacetime
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Light cone
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Spacetime diagram
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Timelike-separated event
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Light cone
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Spacelike-separated event
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Light cone
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Relativistic mechanics
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Special relativity
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Four-momentum
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Relativistic mechanics
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Relativistic energy
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Four-momentum
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Energy-momentum relation
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Relativistic energy
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Mass-energy equivalence (
E
=
m
c
2
)
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Relativistic energy
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Spacetime interval
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Four-momentum
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Proper time
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Spacetime interval
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General relativity
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Relativity
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Tests of general relativity
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General relativity
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Perihelion precession of Mercury (observed 1859, explained 1915)
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Tests of general relativity
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Why gravity is not a force?
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General relativity
0
Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime
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General relativity
0
Gravity
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General relativity
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Gravitational constant
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Gravity
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Experiments that measure the gravitational constant
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Gravitational constant
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Cavendish experiment
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Experiments that measure the gravitational constant
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Graviton
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Gravity
0
Standard Model
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Particle physics
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Theory of everything (TOE)
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Standard Model
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Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
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Theory of everything
0
The standard model and general relativity are incompatible
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Theory of everything
0
Fundamental interaction
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Theory of everything
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Quantum gravity
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Theory of everything
0
String theory
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Quantum gravity
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Subatomic particle
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Standard Model
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Elementary particle
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Subatomic particle
0
Are there more than 3 generations of particles in the Standard Model?
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Elementary particle
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Defining properties of elementary particles
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Elementary particle
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Photon
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Elementary particle
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Light
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Photon
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Wave-particle duality
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Light
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Corpuscular theory of light
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Wave-particle duality
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Newton supported the corpuscular theory of light
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Corpuscular theory of light
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Wave theory of light
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Wave-particle duality
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Diffraction of light
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Wave theory of light
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Young's interference experiment (1803)
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Diffraction of light
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Arago spot (1818)
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Diffraction of light
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Electromagnetic radiation
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Wave-particle duality
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History of the electromagnetic theory of light
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Electromagnetic radiation
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Faraday effect (1845, Faraday rotation)
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History of the electromagnetic theory of light
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Light source
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Light
0
Lamp
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Light source
0
Incandescent light bulb
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Lamp
0
Gas-discharge lamp
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Lamp
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Fluorescent lamp
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Gas-discharge lamp
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Neon lamp
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Gas-discharge lamp
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Optical fiber
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Light
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Photometer
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Light
0
Spectroscopy
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Light
0
Speed of light
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Light
0
Speed of light experiment
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Speed of light
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Fizeau's determination of the speed of light with a rotating cogwheel (1848)
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Speed of light experiment
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Emission theory (vision)
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Speed of light
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Faster-than-light (FTL)
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Speed of light
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Faster-than-light implies time travel
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Faster-than-light
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Tachyon
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Faster-than-light
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Tachyonic antitelephone
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Faster-than-light
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Light
0
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
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Electromagnetic spectrum
0
Ionizing radiation
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Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
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Non-ionizing radiation
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Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
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Very low frequency (VLF, 100 to 10 km, 3 kHz - 30 kHh)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Radio wave (1 m or more, 300 GHz or less)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Microwave (1 mm - 1 m, 300 MHz - 300 GHz)
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Radio wave
0
Ultra High Frequency (10 mm - 1 m, 300 MHz - 3 GHz)
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Microwave
0
Microwave source
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Microwave
0
Klystron (1937)
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Microwave source
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Cavity magnetron (1940)
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Microwave source
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Microwave transmission
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Microwave
0
Microwave transmission for trading
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Microwave transmission
0
Microwave vs radio wave transmission
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Microwave transmission
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Microwave oven
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Microwave
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Infrared (680 nm - 1 m)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
0
Visible spectrum (420-680 nm, 400-700 THz)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Ultraviolet (10 nm - 400 nm)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
0
X-ray (10 pm - 10 nm)
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Electromagnetic spectrum
0
Photon spin
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Photon
0
Radiation pressure
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Photon
0
Nichols radiometer
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Radiation pressure
0
Solar sail
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Radiation pressure
0
Single photon production and detection experiments
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Photon
0
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC)
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Single photon production and detection experiments
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Two photon interference experiment
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Single photon production and detection experiments
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Photomultiplier
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Single photon production and detection experiments
0
Photomultiplier tube
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Photomultiplier
0
Silicon photomultiplier
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Photomultiplier
0
Squeezed state of light
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Photon
0
Optics
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Photon
0
Beam splitter
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Optics
0
Half-silvered mirror
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Beam splitter
0
Camera obscura
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Optics
0
Collimator
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Optics
0
Collimated beam
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Collimator
0
Parallel light
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Collimated beam
0
Diffraction grating
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Optics
0
Diaphragm (optics)
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Optics
0
Lens
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Optics
0
Biconvex spherical lens
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Lens
0
Focal length (f)
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Biconvex spherical lens
0
Optical cavity
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Optics
0
Optics vendor
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Optics
0
Carl Zeiss AG
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Optics vendor
0
Carl Zeiss SMT
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Carl Zeiss AG
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Point light source
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Optics
0
Photonics
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Optics
0
Silicon photonics
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Photonics
0
Lightmatter
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Silicon photonics
0
Photon polarization
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Photonics
0
Polarization of light
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Photon polarization
0
Polarizer
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Photon polarization
0
Fresnel equations
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Polarizer
0
Brewster's angle
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Fresnel equations
0
History of polarization
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Polarizer
0
Malus' Law
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Polarizer
0
Étienne-Louis Malus (1775-1812)
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Malus' Law
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Three polarizers 45 degrees apart
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Polarizer
0
Poincaré sphere
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Photonics
0
Photonics equipment
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Photonics
0
Acousto-optic modulator
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Photonics equipment
0
Interferometer
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Photonics equipment
0
Fabry-Pérot interferometer
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Interferometer
0
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI, 1891)
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Interferometer
0
Optical fibre
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Photonics equipment
0
Optical table
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Photonics equipment
0
Optical ring resonator
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Photonics equipment
0
Higgs boson
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Elementary particle
0
Goldstone's theorem
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Higgs boson
0
Higgs mechanism
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Higgs boson
0
Lepton
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Elementary particle
0
Electron
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Lepton
0
Elementary charge
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Electron
0
Why do the electron and the proton have the same charge except for the opposite signs?
link
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Elementary charge
0
Oil drop experiment
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Elementary charge
0
Electron rest mass
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Electron
0
Positron (1932)
link
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Electron
0
Muon (1936)
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Lepton
0
Neutrino
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Lepton
0
Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment (1956)
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Neutrino
0
Composite particle
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Subatomic particle
0
Hadron
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Composite particle
0
Baryon
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Hadron
0
Baryon vs meson vs lepton
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Baryon
0
Neutron
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Hadron
0
Proton
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Hadron
0
Proton-to-electron mass ratio
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Proton
0
Meson
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Hadron
0
Pion (1947)
link
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Meson
0
Kaon
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Meson
0
Eightfold way (physics)
link
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Subatomic particle
0
Parameters of the Standard Model
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Standard Model
0
Standard Model Lagrangian
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Standard Model
0
Why do symmetries such as SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) matter in particle physics?
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Standard Model
0
Applications of particle physics
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Particle physics
0
Quantum mechanics
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Particle physics
0
Quantum mechanics experiment
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Quantum mechanics
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Emission spectrum
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Quantum mechanics experiment
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Spectral line
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Emission spectrum
0
NIST Atomic Spectra Database
link
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Spectral line
0
Forbidden mechanism
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Spectral line
0
Selection rule
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Forbidden mechanism
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Metastable electron
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Selection rule
0
Rydberg atom
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Spectral line
0
Hydrogen emission spectrum
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Spectral line
0
Gross hydrogen emission spectrum
link
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Hydrogen emission spectrum
0
Hydrogen 1-2 spectral line (121.6 nm, 10.2e V)
link
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Gross hydrogen emission spectrum
0
Rydberg formula (1888)
link
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Hydrogen emission spectrum
0
Balmer series (1885)
link
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Rydberg formula
0
Hydrogen spectral series
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Hydrogen emission spectrum
0
Pickering series (1896)
link
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Hydrogen spectral series
0
Fine structure
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Spectral line
0
Fine structure constant (
α
)
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Fine structure
0
Hyperfine structure
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Fine structure
0
Hydrogen line
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Hyperfine structure
0
Zeeman effect
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Spectral line
0
Anomalous Zeeman effect
link
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Zeeman effect
0
Double-slit experiment
link
split
Quantum mechanics experiment
0
Single particle double slit experiment
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split
Double-slit experiment
0
Single electron double slit experiment
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Single particle double slit experiment
0
Are particles bounced by the first wall in the double slit experiment?
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split
Double-slit experiment
0
Franck-Hertz experiment
link
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Quantum mechanics experiment
0
Quantum Hall effect
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Quantum mechanics experiment
0
Fractional quantum Hall effect
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split
Quantum Hall effect
0
Fractional quantum Hall effect 5/2
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Fractional quantum Hall effect
0
Spin Hall effect
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Quantum Hall effect
0
Macroscopic quantum phenomena
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Quantum mechanics experiment
0
History of quantum mechanics
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Quantum mechanics
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Timeline of quantum mechanics
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History of quantum mechanics
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Old quantum theory
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History of quantum mechanics
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History of quantum mechanics bibliography
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Quantum mechanics
0
The Quantum Story by Jim Baggott (2011)
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History of quantum mechanics bibliography
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The Old Quantum Theory by Dirk ter Haar (1967)
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History of quantum mechanics bibliography
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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Quantum mechanics
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Introductory Quantum Mechanics by Richard Fitzpatrick (2020)
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac (1930)
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac revised fourth edition (1967)
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The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac (1930)
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MIT 8.06 Quantum Physics III, Spring 2018 by Barton Zwiebach
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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Applications of Quantum Mechanics by David Tong (2017)
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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Quantum Mechanics for Engineers by Leon van Dommelen (2011)
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
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Quantum physics by Jim Branson (2003)
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Quantum mechanics bibliography
0
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Quantum mechanics
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Schrödinger picture
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Schrödinger picture example: quantum harmonic oscillator
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Schrödinger picture
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Wave function collapse
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Schrödinger picture
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Interpretations of quantum mechanics
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Wave function collapse
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EPR paradox
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Interpretations of quantum mechanics
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Many-worlds interpretation
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Interpretations of quantum mechanics
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Universal wavefunction
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Many-worlds interpretation
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Born rule
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Bra-ket notation
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Dirac-von Neumann axioms
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Linearity of quantum mechanics
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Observable
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Phase-space formulation
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Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
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Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
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Quantum mechanics
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Schrödinger equation
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Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
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Time-independent Schrödinger equation
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Derivation of the Schrodinger equation
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Why are complex numbers used in the Schrodinger equation?
link
split
Derivation of the Schrodinger equation
0
Schrodinger equation Hamiltonian
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
The Schrodinger equation Hamiltonian has to be Hermitian
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Schrödinger equation simulations
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Why it is hard to simulate quantum systems?
link
split
Schrödinger equation simulations
0
Schrödinger equation for a one dimensional particle
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Time-independent Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
link
split
Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
0
Particle in a box
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Quantum harmonic oscillator
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Quantum LC circuit
link
split
Quantum harmonic oscillator
0
Hermite polynomials
link
split
Quantum harmonic oscillator
0
Hermite functions
link
split
Hermite polynomials
0
Ladder operator
link
split
Quantum harmonic oscillator
0
Quantum tunnelling
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Atomic orbital
link
split
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
0
Quantum number
link
split
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
0
Principal quantum number (n)
link
split
Quantum number
0
Azimuthal quantum number (l)
link
split
Quantum number
0
s-orbital
link
split
Azimuthal quantum number
0
p-orbital
link
split
Azimuthal quantum number
0
d-orbital
link
split
Azimuthal quantum number
0
f-orbital
link
split
Azimuthal quantum number
0
Magnetic quantum number (
m
l
)
link
split
Quantum number
0
Spin quantum number (
m
s
)
link
split
Quantum number
0
Spectroscopic notation
link
split
Spin quantum number
0
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation for two electrons
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Orbital approximation
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Schrödinger equation solution for the helium atom
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Hartree-Fock method
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Hartree-Fock method for the helium atom
link
split
Hartree-Fock method
0
Why do multiple electrons occupy the same orbital if electrons repel each other?
link
split
Hartree-Fock method
0
Aufbau principle
link
split
Hartree-Fock method
0
Electron configuration
link
split
Aufbau principle
0
Electron configuration notation (
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
, 1s2 2s2 2p6)
link
split
Aufbau principle
0
Why does 2s have less energy than 1s if they have the same principal quantum number?
link
split
Aufbau principle
0
Madelung energy ordering rule
link
split
Aufbau principle
0
Exception to the Madelung energy ordering rule
link
split
Madelung energy ordering rule
0
Term symbol (
2
S
1
/
2
,
2
P
1
/
2
,
2
P
3
/
2
)
link
split
Aufbau principle
0
Hund's rules (1927)
link
split
Term symbol
0
Hund's first rule
link
split
Hund's rules
0
Hund's second rule
link
split
Hund's rules
0
Term symbols for carbon ground state
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
link
split
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
0
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen molecule
link
split
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
0
Chemical bond
link
split
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
0
Molecule
link
split
Chemical bond
0
Isomer
link
split
Molecule
0
Cis-trans isomerism
link
split
Isomer
0
Enantiomer
link
split
Isomer
0
Polymorphism (materials science)
link
split
Isomer
0
Stereochemistry
link
split
Isomer
0
Covalent bond
link
split
Chemical bond
0
Sigma bond
link
split
Covalent bond
0
Pi bond
link
split
Covalent bond
0
Double bond
link
split
Pi bond
0
Triple bond
link
split
Pi bond
0
Ionic bond
link
split
Chemical bond
0
Octet rule
link
split
Chemical bond
0
Two-state quantum system
link
split
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
0
Bloch sphere
link
split
Two-state quantum system
0
Pauli matrix
link
split
Two-state quantum system
0
Born-Oppenheimer approximation
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Uncertainty principle
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Position and momentum space
link
split
Uncertainty principle
0
Position representation
link
split
Position and momentum space
0
Position operator
link
split
Position and momentum space
0
Momentum operator
link
split
Position and momentum space
0
Squeezed coherent state
link
split
Position and momentum space
0
Energy operator
link
split
Uncertainty principle
0
Time-energy uncertainty principle
link
split
Energy operator
0
Angular momentum operator
link
split
Uncertainty principle
0
Total angular momentum operator
link
split
Angular momentum operator
0
Complementarity (physics)
link
split
Uncertainty principle
0
Conservation laws in Schrodinger equations
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Conservation of the square amplitude in the Schrodinger equation
link
split
Conservation laws in Schrodinger equations
0
Probability current
link
split
Conservation of the square amplitude in the Schrodinger equation
0
Wave function (
ψ
)
link
split
Schrödinger equation
0
Matter wave (1923)
link
split
Wave function
0
Electron diffraction experiment
link
split
Matter wave
0
Diffraction of Cathode Rays by a Thin Film by Thomson and Reid (1927)
link
split
Electron diffraction experiment
0
Davisson-Germer experiment (1927)
link
split
Electron diffraction experiment
0
de Broglie relations
link
split
Matter wave
0
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
link
split
Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
0
Matrix mechanics (1925)
link
split
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
0
Quantum mechanical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations by Heisenberg (1925) (Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen)
link
split
Matrix mechanics
0
Heisenberg picture
link
split
Matrix mechanics
0
De Broglie-Bohm theory
link
split
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
0
Planck-Einstein relation
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Planck constant (
h
, 6.62E-34)
link
split
Planck-Einstein relation
0
Reduced Planck constant (
ℏ
,
h
/
2
π
)
link
split
Planck constant
0
Relativistic quantum mechanics
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Dirac equation
link
split
Relativistic quantum mechanics
0
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Spontaneous emission
link
split
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
0
Spontaneous emission defies causality
link
split
Spontaneous emission
0
Photon absorption
link
split
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
0
Stimulated emission
link
split
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
0
Einstein coefficients
link
split
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
0
The Dirac equation predicts spin
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Antimatter
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Particle creation and annihilation
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Particle decay
link
split
Particle creation and annihilation
0
Pair production
link
split
Particle decay
0
Relativistic particle in a box thought experiment
link
split
Particle creation and annihilation
0
The Dirac equation is consistent with special relativity
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Derivation of the Dirac equation
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Pauli equation
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Klein-Gordon equation
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Derivation of the Klein-Gordon equation
link
split
Klein-Gordon equation
0
Solutions of the Dirac equation
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Dirac equation solution for the hydrogen atom
link
split
Solutions of the Dirac equation
0
Spin (physics)
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Spin experiments
link
split
Spin
0
Stern-Gerlach experiment (1921)
link
split
Spin experiments
0
Spintronics
link
split
Spin experiments
0
Spin valve
link
split
Spintronics
0
Tunnel magnetoresistance
link
split
Spintronics
0
Giant magnetoresistance (1988)
link
split
Spintronics
0
Spin-transfer torque (1996)
link
split
Spintronics
0
Spin number of a field
link
split
Spin
0
Spin 0
link
split
Spin number of a field
0
Spin half
link
split
Spin number of a field
0
Spin 1
link
split
Spin number of a field
0
Proca equation
link
split
Spin 1
0
Spin 2
link
split
Spin number of a field
0
Why is the spin of the electron half?
link
split
Spin number of a field
0
Pauli exclusion principle
link
split
Spin
0
Slater determinant
link
split
Pauli exclusion principle
0
Fermion
link
split
Pauli exclusion principle
0
Boson
link
split
Fermion
0
Spin-statistics theorem
link
split
Pauli exclusion principle
0
Electron degeneracy pressure
link
split
Pauli exclusion principle
0
Dirac Lagrangian
link
split
Dirac equation
0
Dirac adjoint
link
split
Dirac Lagrangian
0
Gamma matrices
link
split
Dirac Lagrangian
0
Feynman slash notation
link
split
Dirac Lagrangian
0
Quantum field theory
link
split
Relativistic quantum mechanics
0
Quantum field
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Gauge theory
link
split
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
0
Lattice gauge theory
link
split
Gauge theory
0
Gauge field
link
split
Gauge theory
0
Gauge symmetry
link
split
Gauge theory
0
Fock space
link
split
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
0
Second quantization
link
split
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
0
Canonical quantization
link
split
Second quantization
0
Path integral formulation
link
split
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
0
Quantum particles take all possible paths
link
split
Path integral formulation
0
Propagator
link
split
Path integral formulation
0
Infinitely many slits thought experiment
link
split
Path integral formulation
0
Renormalization
link
split
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
0
Mass renormalization
link
split
Renormalization
0
Renormalization group
link
split
Renormalization
0
Cutoff energy
link
split
Renormalization
0
Effective field theory
link
split
Renormalization
0
Yang-Mills theory
link
split
Renormalization
0
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap
link
split
Yang-Mills theory
0
Wightman axioms
link
split
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap
0
Quantum electrodynamics
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Lamb shift (1947)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
0
Lamb-Retherford experiment (1947, Lamb shift experiment)
link
split
Lamb shift
0
Electron magnetic moment
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
0
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
link
split
Electron magnetic moment
0
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron
link
split
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
0
The Magnetic Moment of the Electron by Kusch and Foley (1948)
link
split
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron
0
Dirac equation vs quantum electrodynamics
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
0
Applications of quantum electrodynamics
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Derivation of the quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
0
What does it mean that photons are force carriers for electromagnetism?
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Photon field
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Schwinger effect
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Feynman diagram
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Feynman diagram solver
link
split
Feynman diagram
0
Does the exact position of vertices matter in Feynman diagrams?
link
split
Feynman diagram
0
Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
link
split
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
0
Positrons are electrons travelling back in time
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics
0
Quantum Theory of Radiation by Fermi (1932)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Advanced quantum mechanics by Freeman Dyson (1951)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics by Julian Schwinger (1958)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Richard Feynman Quantum Electrodynamics Lecture at University of Auckland (1979)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Quantum Mechanical View of Reality by Richard Feynman (1983)
link
split
Richard Feynman Quantum Electrodynamics Lecture at University of Auckland (1979)
0
Quantum electrodynamics by Lifshitz et al. 2nd edition (1982)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Physics 253a by Sidney Coleman (1986)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
QED and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga by Silvan Schweber (1994)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Advanced quantum mechanics II by Douglas Gingrich (2004)
link
split
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
0
Weak interaction
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Electroweak interaction
link
split
Weak interaction
0
Parity violation
link
split
Weak interaction
0
Wu experiment (1956)
link
split
Parity violation
0
CP Violation
link
split
Parity violation
0
CPT symmetry
link
split
CP Violation
0
Strong CP problem
link
split
CP Violation
0
Weak charge
link
split
Weak interaction
0
W boson
link
split
Weak interaction
0
Z boson
link
split
Weak interaction
0
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Quark
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Down quark
link
split
Quark
0
Up quark
link
split
Quark
0
Why do the up ad down quarks have different masses?
link
split
Up quark
0
Strange quark
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Gluon
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Glueball
link
split
Gluon
0
Proton decay
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Strong interaction
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Color charge
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Color confinement
link
split
Quantum chromodynamics
0
Quantum field theory simulations
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem
link
split
Quantum field theory simulations
0
Infinities in quantum field theory
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Mathematical consistency of quantum field theory
link
split
Infinities in quantum field theory
0
Internal and spacetime symmetries
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Internal symmetry
link
split
Internal and spacetime symmetries
0
Spacetime symmetry
link
split
Internal and spacetime symmetries
0
Quantum field theory bibliography
link
split
Quantum field theory
0
Quantum field theory lecture notes
link
split
Quantum field theory bibliography
0
An Introduction to QED and QCD by Jeff Forshaw (1997)
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture notes
0
Quantum Field Theory lecture notes by David Tong (2007)
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture notes
0
Quantum Field Theory book by Mark Srednicki (2006)
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture notes
0
Quantum field theory lectures
link
split
Quantum field theory bibliography
0
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by Apoorva D Patel (2014)
link
split
Quantum field theory lectures
0
New Revolutions in Particle Physics by Leonard Susskind (2009)
link
split
Quantum field theory lectures
0
David Tong's 2009 Quantum Field Theory lectures at the Perimeter Institute
link
split
Quantum field theory lectures
0
Lecture 1
link
split
David Tong's 2009 Quantum Field Theory lectures at the Perimeter Institute
0
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
link
split
Quantum field theory lectures
0
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
link
split
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
0
Lecture 1
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 2
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 3
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 4
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 5
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 8
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 9
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 14
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Lecture 15
link
split
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Advanced quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
link
split
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
0
Lecture 2
link
split
Advanced quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
0
Quantum field theory book
link
split
Quantum field theory bibliography
0
No-Nonsense Quantum Field Theory by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2020)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Quantum Field Theory for The Gifted Amateur by Tom Lancaster (2015)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory by Robert D Klauber (2013)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Quantum field theory in a nutshell by Anthony Zee (2010)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory by Voja Radovanovic (2008)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Quantum Field Theory Demystified by David McMahon (2008)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
An Introduction To Quantum Field Theory by Peskin and Schroeder (1995)
link
split
Quantum field theory book
0
Quantization (physics)
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Quantization of a real scalar field
link
split
Quantization
0
Quantum superposition
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Quantum entanglement
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Bell's theorem
link
split
Quantum entanglement
0
Bell test experiment
link
split
Bell's theorem
0
Loopholes in Bell test experiments
link
split
Bell test experiment
0
Local hidden-variable theory
link
split
Bell's theorem
0
No-go theorem
link
split
Quantum mechanics
0
Experimental particle physics
link
split
Particle physics
0
Cross section (physics)
link
split
Experimental particle physics
0
Barn (unit)
link
split
Cross section
0
Particle detector
link
split
Experimental particle physics
0
Cloud chamber
link
split
Particle detector
0
Bubble chamber
link
split
Particle detector
0
Particle accelerator
link
split
Experimental particle physics
0
Particle accelerator facility
link
split
Particle accelerator
0
CERN
link
split
Particle accelerator facility
0
CERN experiment
link
split
CERN
0
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
link
split
CERN experiment
0
Superconducting Super Collider
link
split
Particle accelerator facility
0
Synchrotron
link
split
Particle accelerator
0
Cyclotron
link
split
Synchrotron
0
Nuclear physics
link
split
Particle physics
0
Atomic nucleus
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Nucleon
link
split
Atomic nucleus
0
Nuclear force
link
split
Atomic nucleus
0
Radioactive decay
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Type of radioactive decay
link
split
Radioactive decay
0
Alpha decay
link
split
Type of radioactive decay
0
Cluster decay
link
split
Alpha decay
0
Spontaneous fission
link
split
Alpha decay
0
Alpha particle
link
split
Alpha decay
0
Geiger-Nuttall law
link
split
Alpha particle
0
Beta decay
link
split
Type of radioactive decay
0
Gamma ray
link
split
Type of radioactive decay
0
Nuclear isomer
link
split
Gamma ray
0
Decay chain
link
split
Radioactive decay
0
Decay scheme
link
split
Radioactive decay
0
Half-life
link
split
Radioactive decay
0
Isotope
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Nuclear fission
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Neutron temperature
link
split
Nuclear fission
0
Fast neutron
link
split
Neutron temperature
0
Slow neutron
link
split
Neutron temperature
0
Fissile material
link
split
Nuclear fission
0
Nuclear chain reaction
link
split
Nuclear fission
0
Nuclear reactor
link
split
Nuclear chain reaction
0
Nuclear magnetic moment
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Nuclear magnetic resonance
link
split
Nuclear magnetic moment
0
Larmor precession
link
split
Nuclear magnetic resonance
0
Larmor frequency
link
split
Larmor precession
0
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
link
split
Nuclear magnetic resonance
0
Magnetic resonance imaging
link
split
Nuclear magnetic resonance
0
NMR vendor
link
split
Nuclear magnetic resonance
0
Bruker Corporation
link
split
NMR vendor
0
Nuclear weapon
link
split
Nuclear physics
0
Fission weapon
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Boosted fission weapon
link
split
Fission weapon
0
Low-background steel
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Thermonuclear weapon
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Mark 17 nuclear bomb (1954-1957)
link
split
Thermonuclear weapon
0
Nuclear site
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Hanford site
link
split
Nuclear site
0
B Reactor
link
split
Hanford site
0
Nuclear weapons program
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
American nuclear weapons program
link
split
Nuclear weapons program
0
Nuclear football
link
split
American nuclear weapons program
0
Manhattan Project
link
split
American nuclear weapons program
0
Chicago Pile-1 (1942-12-02)
link
split
Manhattan Project
0
Metallurgical Laboratory
link
split
Chicago Pile-1
0
Trinity (nuclear-test, 1945-07-16)
link
split
Manhattan Project
0
British nuclear weapons program
link
split
Nuclear weapons program
0
Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE)
link
split
British nuclear weapons program
0
German nuclear weapons program (Uranprojekt, Uranverein)
link
split
Nuclear weapons program
0
Nuclear weapon delivery
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Nuclear triad
link
split
Nuclear weapon delivery
0
Intercontinental ballistic missile
link
split
Nuclear weapon delivery
0
LGM-30 Minuteman
link
split
Intercontinental ballistic missile
0
Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle
link
split
Nuclear weapon delivery
0
Salted bomb
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Cobalt bomb
link
split
Salted bomb
0
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Strategic nuclear weapon
link
split
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
0
Tactical nuclear weapon
link
split
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
0
Variable yield
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
List of nuclear weapons
link
split
Nuclear weapon
0
Fat Man (1945)
link
split
List of nuclear weapons
0
Little Boy (1945)
link
split
List of nuclear weapons
0
History of particle physics
link
split
Particle physics
0
The Harvest of a Century by Siegmund Brandt (2008)
link
split
History of particle physics
0
Inward Bound by Abraham Pais (1988)
link
split
History of particle physics
0
Particle physics bibliography
link
split
Particle physics
0
PBS Space Time
link
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B
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.
3
8
×
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Scientific autobiography by Max Planck (1948)
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What I cannot create, I do not understand
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Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamic by Richard Feynman (1949)
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Genius: Richard Feynman and Modern Physics by James Gleick (1994)
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