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Alternating and direct current

words: 11 articles: 13

Alternating current (AC)

words: 5 articles: 4
Hippolyte Pixii
words: 5 articles: 1
Operated by a hand crank.
Figure 1. Source.

Direct current (DC)

words: 6 articles: 7
AC adapter (AC to DC)
words: 6 articles: 4
Figure 2. Source.
Figure 3. Source.
Positive center is way more popular: gearspace.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/1222518-center-negative-vs-center-positive-power-supply.html
Figure 4. Source.
Figure 5. Source.
Rectifier
articles: 1

Circuit diagram

words: 554 articles: 3

ASCII art circuit diagram

words: 554 articles: 1
This notation is designed to be relatively easy to write. This is achieved by not drawing ultra complex ASCII art boxes of every component. It would be slightly more readable if we did that, but prioritizing the writer here.
Two wires are only joined if + is given. E.g. the following two wires are not joined:
  |
--|--
  |
but the following are:
  |
--+--
  |
Simple symmetric components:
  • -, + and |: wire
  • AC: AC source. Parameters:
    • Hz: frequency
    • V: peak voltage
    e.g.:
    AC_1Hz_2V
    If only one side is given, the other is assumed to be at a ground G.
  • C: capacitor
  • G: ground. Often used together with DC, e.g.:
    DC_10---R_10---G
    means applying a voltage of 10 V across a 10 Ohm resistor, which would lead to a current of 1 A
  • L: inductor
  • MICROPHONE. As a multi-letter symmetric component, you can connect the two wires anywhere, e.g.
    ---MICROPHONE---
    or:
    |
    MICROPHONE
        |
  • SPEAKER
  • R: resistor
  • SQUID: SQUID device
  • X: Josephson junction
Asymmetric components have multiple letters indicating different ports. The capital letter indicates the device, and lower case letters the ports. The wires then go into the ports:
  • D: diode
    • a: anode (where electrons can come in from)
    • c: cathode
    Sample usage in a circuit:
    --aDc--
    Can also be used vertically like aany other circuit:
    |
    a
    D
    c
    |
    We can also change the port order, the device is still the same due to capital D:
    --cDa--
    
     |
    Dac--
    
     |
    Dca--
    
       |
    --caD
  • DC DC source. Ports:
    • p: positive
    • n: negative
    E.g. a 10 V source with a 10 Ohm resistor would be:
    +---pDC_10_n---+
    |              |
    +----R_10------+
    If only one side is given, the other is assumed to be at a the ground G. We can also omit p and m in that case and assume that p is the one used, e.g. the above would be equivalent to:
    DC_10---R_10---G
    If the voltage is not given, it is assumed to be a potentiometer.
  • T: transistor. The ports are sgTd:
    • s: source
    • g: gate
    • d: gate
    Sample usage in a circuit:
    ---+
       |
    --sgTd--
    All the following are also equivalent:
       |
       g
    --sTd--
    
        |
    --Tsgd--
       |
  • I: electric current source. Ports:
    • s: electron source
    • d: electron destination
  • V: Voltmeter. Ports:
    • p: positive
    • n: negative
    If we don't need to specify explicit positive and negative sides, we can just use:
    ---V---
    without any ports. This is notably often the case for AC circuits.
    Optionaly, we can also add the sides as in:
Numbers characterizing components are put just next to each component with an underscore. When there is only one parameter, standard units are assumed, e.g.:
+-----+
|     |
C_1p  R_2k
|     |
+-----+
means:
  • a capacitor with 1 pico Faraday
  • a resistor with 2 k Ohms
Micro is denoted as u.
Wires can just freely come in and out of specs of a component, they are then just connected to the component, e.g.:
DC_10---R_10---G
means applying a voltage of 10 V across a 10 Ohm resistor, which would lead to a current of 1 A
If a component has more than two parameters, units are used to distinguish them when possible, e.g.:
AC_1kV_2MHz
means an AC source with:

Electronic component

words: 977 articles: 52
Video 1.
Open Circuits book interview by CuriousMarc (2022)
Source.

Electrical cable

words: 10 articles: 1
One more more electrical wires surrounded by an insulator.

Twisted pair

words: 1
Video 2. Source. Cat 5e cable stripped

Amplifier

words: 51
Main implementations: the same as electronic switches: vacuum tubes in the past, and transistors in the second half of the 20th century.
Video 3.
How to make an LM386 audio amplifier circuit by Afrotechmods (2017)
Source. Builds the circuit on a breadboard from minimal components, including one discrete transistor. Then plays music from phone through headset cables into a speaker.

Capacitor

words: 157 articles: 4
The fundamental intuition about capacitors is that they never let electrons through.
They can only absorb electrons up to a certain point, but then the pushback becomes too strong, and current stops.
Therefore, they cannot conduct direct current long term.
For alternating current however, things are different, because in alternating current, electrons are just jiggling back and forward a little bit around a center point. So you can send alternating current power across a capacitor.
The key equation that relates Voltage to electric current in the capacitor is:
So if a voltage Heavyside step function is applied what happens is:
  • the capacitor fills up instantly with an infinite current
  • the current then stops instantly
More realistically, one may consider the behavior or the series RC circuit to see what happens without infinities when a capacitor is involved as in the step response of the series RC circuit.
Figure 6. . Source.
Video 4.
Finding capacitance with an oscilloscope by Jacob Watts (2020)
Source. Good experiment.
Video 5. . Source. 2019.

RC circuit

words: 15 articles: 2
Series RC circuit
words: 15 articles: 1
Figure 7. Source.
This is what happens when you apply a step voltage to a series RC circuit: TODO graph.

Diode

words: 264 articles: 3
Ideally can be thought of as a one-way ticket gate that only lets electrons go in one direction with zero resistance! Real devices do have imperfections however, so there is some resistance.
First they were made out of vacuum tubes, but later semiconductor diodes were invented and became much more widespread.

Semiconductor diode

words: 216 articles: 2
Figure 8. . Source. This image shows well how the diode is only an approximation of the ideal one way device. Notably, there is this non-ideal voltage drop across the device, which can be modelled as constant. It is however an exponential in fact.
Video 6.
Diodes Explained by The Engineering Mindset (2020)
Source. Good video:
Crystal detector
words: 152 articles: 1
The first diodes. These were apparently incredibly unreliable, especially for portable radios, as you had to randomly search for the best contact point you could find in a random polycrystalline material!!
And also quality was highly dependant on where the material was sourced from as that affected the impurities present in the material. Later this was understood to be an issue of doping.
It was so unreliable that vacuum tube diodes overtook them in many applications, even though crystal detectors are actually semiconductor diodes, which eventually won over!
For a long time, before artificial semiconductors kicked in, people just didn't know the underlying physical working principle of these detectors. What I cannot create, I do not understand basically.
Crystal radio
words: 48
This was the first generation of commercially successful radios.
It uses a crystal detector as its diode, which is a crucial element of the radio, thus its name.
They were superseded by transistor radios, which were much more reliable, portable and could amplify the signal received.
Figure 9. Source.
Video 7.
How a Crystal radio Works by RimstarOrg
. Source.

Electrical connector

words: 165 articles: 6
GPIO generally only supports discrete outputs.
But for some types of hardware, like LEDs and some motors, the system has some inertia, and if you switch on and off fast enough, you get a result similar to having an intermediate voltage.
So with pulse width modulation we can fake analog output from digital output in a good enough manner.

Jump wire

words: 30
Notably used to connect:
You can buy large sets of them in combitation of male/male, male/female, female/female. Male/male is perhaps the most important
Video 8.
Making Jumper Wires by PCBurn! (2018)
Source.

Pin header

words: 77 articles: 1
These often come pre-soldered on devboards, e.g. and allow for easy access to GPIO pins. E.g. they're present on the Raspberry Pi 2.
Why would someone ever sell a devboard without them pre-soldered!
Figure 10.
6x1 pin header
. Source.
Figure 11.
Underside of a Raspberry Pi 2
. Source. At the top of this image we can clearly see how the usually pre-soldered pin header connectors go through the PCB and are soldered on both sides.
Allows you to connect two adjacent pins of a pin header. Sometimes used as a hardware configuration interface!
Figure 12. Source.

Electronic oscillator

words: 122 articles: 5
Something where DC voltage comes in, and a periodic voltage comes out.
Video 9.
Oscillators: RC, LC, Crystal by GreatScott! (2015)
Source. Good video. Contains actual breadboard experiments on oscilloscope and circuit diagrams

Relaxation oscillator

words: 9 articles: 3
RC oscillator
words: 2 articles: 1
First watch: Video 9. "Oscillators: RC, LC, Crystal by GreatScott! (2015)"
LC oscillator
words: 7
Oscillator made of an LC circuit.
First watch: Video 9. "Oscillators: RC, LC, Crystal by GreatScott! (2015)"
First watch: Video 9. "Oscillators: RC, LC, Crystal by GreatScott! (2015)"
Video 10.
From Raw Crystal to Crystal oscillator
. Source. by United States Army Signal Corps (1943)

Light-emitting diode (LED)

words: 89 articles: 7
Video 11.
How LEDs work by VirtualBrain
. Source. 2021. Good 3d schematics clearly explaining part of the LED electronic package.
electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/93858/reason-for-anvil-and-post-in-leds
Video 12.
How are LED Chips and LED Encapsulation is made by Future Linear
. Source. Starts from some level of cut square chips. Still in round wafer form.

LED spectrum

words: 24 articles: 2
electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/477264/spectrum-of-leds
Are LEDs monochromatic?
words: 24 articles: 1
electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/477264/spectrum-of-leds
www.reddit.com/r/Optics/comments/18f6bdt/comment/kcsiook/ mentions:
LEDs are broadband by nature, since the spontaneous emission broadly speaking reflects the overlap of the Fermi distribution and the density of states

LED vs

words: 26 articles: 2
LED vs diode
words: 17
Direct and indirect band gaps is an important part of why diodes don't emit light apparently.
Bibliography:
electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/548353/can-led-strips-be-used-as-photodetectors
Apparently fundamentally LEDs in principle work as photodetectors, but

Inductor

words: 10
It resists to change in electric current. Well seen at: Video 27. "LC circuit by Eugene Khutoryansky (2016)".

Resistor

articles: 3

Transformer

words: 10 articles: 1

Magnetic core

words: 10
Figure 13.
Hand drawn schematic of the magnetic field induced in a magnetic core by an electromagnetic coil
. Source.

Electronic switch

words: 93 articles: 7

Transistor

words: 93 articles: 5
A solid-state electronic switch and amplifier.
Although transistors were revolutionary, it is fun to note that they were just "way cheaper and more reliable and smaller" versions of exactly the main functions that a vacuum tube could achieve
The first working one in 1947 by John Bardeen and walter Brattain in Bell Labs Murray Hill.
People had already patented a lot of stuff before without being able to make them work. Nonsense.
As the name suggests, this is not very sturdy, and was quickly replaced by bipolar junction transistor.
By William Shockley in 1948 also at Bell Labs Murray Hill.
As of 2020, not used anymore in logic gates, but still used in amplifiers.
Figure 14. Source.
Figure 15. Source.
MOSFET (1959)
articles: 1
Figure 16. Source.

Electronic lab equipment

words: 94 articles: 14
Video 13.
A Perfect Electronics Bench? by Keysight (2021)
Source.

Electronic test equipment

words: 88 articles: 10

Oscilloscope

words: 88 articles: 9
Video 14.
FNIRSI 1014D review by Kerry Wong (2022)
Source. One of the cheapest oscilloscopes available at the time.
Oscilloscope mode
articles: 1
Video 15.
DIY Oscilloscope Kit (20$) VS Regular DS Oscilloscope (400$) by Great Scott (2016)
Source.
Video 16.
Hantek 6022BE Review by Adrian's Digital Basement (2022)
Source.
Open source oscilloscope
words: 51 articles: 3
Haascope (2017)
words: 15
www.crowdsupply.com/andy-haas/haasoscope
By Andy Haas, an experimental particle physics professor: as.nyu.edu/content/nyu-as/as/faculty/andy-haas.html What an awesome dude!
Video 17.
Haasoscope prototype, 2 4-channel boards
. Source.
ScopeFun (2020)
words: 30
899 USD as of 2022, takes a year to ship as they gather up a lot of orders before producing.
Sounds so cool, especially the multi functionality. Shame so expensive.
Video 18.
ThunderScope presentation for Hackaday Prize (2021)
Source.

Electronics vendor

words: 131 articles: 10

Hewlett-Packard (1939-2015, HP)

words: 99 articles: 5
They do seem to have been very innovative, and have had a very good work culture. They also had a huge impact on the Silicon Valley startup scene.
Some products they are known for:
Video 19.
The decline of HP by Company Man (2022)
Source.
Video 20.
HP Origins promotional documentary by HP (2006)
Source. A bit too star eyed, but gives some good ideas.

HP spinoff

words: 34 articles: 4
Agilent Technologies (1999)
words: 34 articles: 2
In a way, Agilent represents the most grassroots electronics parts of HP from before they became overly invested in laptops and fell.
They spun out the electronics part as Keysight in 2014, becoming life science only.

STAR Cryoelectronics

words: 32 articles: 1
starcryo.com/

Mr. SQUID

words: 32
starcryo.com/mr-squid/
This is the cutest product name ever.
Since 1992, Mr. SQUID has been the standard educational demonstration system for undergraduate physics lab courses.
Used e.g. at Video "Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices by UNSW Physics (2020)"
Their manual: www.phys.ksu.edu/personal/cocke/classes/phys506/squidman.pdf
YBCO device, runs on liquid nitrogen.

Electronic circuit

words: 2k articles: 37

Circuit board

words: 1k articles: 22

Breadboard

words: 67
This is how electronic circuits are normally prototyped!
Once you validate them like this, the next step is usually to move on to printed circuit boards for more reliable production setups.
Breadboards are a thing of beauty and wonder.
Figure 17. . Source. Predecessors to breadboards from where the name came. A thing of beauty, so vintage. You could actually write stuff on those with a pencil!
Video 21.
Breadboards - Trash or Treasure? by Keysight (2020)
Source.

Printed circuit board (PCB)

words: 1k articles: 18
Micro Bit (2016, BBC Micro Bit)
words: 906 articles: 13
Zephyr support: docs.zephyrproject.org/2.7.0/boards/arm/bbc_microbit/doc/index.html
Bluetooth support: not enough RAM for it, though in principle its chip/transceiver could support it! microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/v1.0.1/ble.html
Supported editors: microbit.org/code/
MicroPython web editor and compiler: python.microbit.org/v/2
Everything in this section is tested on the Micro Bit v1 from Micro Bit v1 unless otherwise noted.
Bibliography:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Micro-bit_v1_%26_v2.JPG/1024px-Micro-bit_v1_%26_v2.JPG
Micro Bit simulator
words: 100 articles: 2
python.microbit.org/v/3/reference
makecode.microbit.org
Microbit simulator using some Microsoft framework.
TODO the Python code from there does not seem to run on the microbit via uflash, because it is not MicroPython.
support.microbit.org/support/solutions/articles/19000111744-makecode-python-and-micropython explains.
forum.makecode.com/t/help-understanding-local-build-options/6130 asks how to compile locally and suggests it is possible. Seems to require Yotta, so presumably compiles?
Presumably this is because Microsoft ported their MakeCode thing to the MicroBit, and the Micro Bit foundation accepted them.
E.g. there toggling a LED:
led.toggle(0, 0)
but the code that works locally is a completely differently named API set_pixel:
microbit.display.set_pixel(0, 0, )
Microsoft going all in on adopt extend extinguish from an early age!
When plugged into Ubuntu 22.04 via the USB Micro-B the Micro Bit mounts as:
/media/$USER/MICROBIT/
e.g.:
/media/ciro/MICROBIT/
for username ciro.
Loading the program is done by simply copying a .hex binary into the image e.g. with:
cp ~/Downloads/microbit_program.hex /media/$USER/MICROBIT/
The file name does not matter, only the .hex extension.
The back power light flashes while upload is happening.
Flashing takes about 10-15 seconds for the 1.8 MB scroll display hello world from microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/v1.0.1/tutorials/hello.html:
from microbit import *
display.scroll("Hello, World!")
and the program starts executing immediately after flash ends.
You can restart the program by clicking the reset button near the USB. When you push down the program dies, and it restarts as soon as you release the button.
To use a prebuilt firmware, you can just use uflash, tested on Ubuntu 22.04:
git clone https://github.com/bbcmicrobit/micropython
cd micropython
git checkout 7fc33d13b31a915cbe90dc5d515c6337b5fa1660
uflash examples/led_dance.py
What that does is:
  • convert the MicroPython code to bytecode
  • join it up with a prebuilt firmware that ships with uflash which contains the MicroPython interpreter
  • flashes that
To build your own firmware see:
Got it working: Compile MicroPython code for Micro Bit locally on Ubuntu 22.04 with your own firmware
TODO didn't manage from source Ubuntu 22.04, their setup bitrotted way too fast... it's shameful even. Until I gave up and went for the magic Docker of + github.com/bbcmicrobit/micropython, and it bloody worked:
git clone https://github.com/bbcmicrobit/micropython
cd micropython
git checkout 7fc33d13b31a915cbe90dc5d515c6337b5fa1660
docker pull ghcr.io/carlosperate/microbit-toolchain:latest
docker run -v $(pwd):/home --rm ghcr.io/carlosperate/microbit-toolchain:latest yt target bbc-microbit-classic-gcc-nosd@https://github.com/lancaster-university/yotta-target-bbc-microbit-classic-gcc-nosd
docker run -v $(pwd):/home --rm ghcr.io/carlosperate/microbit-toolchain:latest make all

# Build one.
tools/makecombinedhex.py build/firmware.hex examples/counter.py -o build/counter.hex
cp build/counter.hex "/media/$USER/MICROBIT/"

# Build all.
for f in examples/*; do b="$(basename "$f")"; echo $b; tools/makecombinedhex.py build/firmware.hex "$f" -o "build/${b%.py}.hex"; done
The pre-Docker attempts:
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:team-gcc-arm-embedded
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc-arm-embedded
sudo apt install cmake ninja-build srecord libssl-dev

# Rust required for some Yotta component, OMG.
sudo snap install rustup
rustup default 1.64.0

python3 -m pip install yotta
The line:
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:team-gcc-arm-embedded
warns:
E: The repository 'https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/team-gcc-arm-embedded/ppa/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
and then the update/sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-embedded fails, bibliography:
Attempting to install Yotta:
sudo -H pip3 install yotta
or:
python3 -m pip install --user yotta
was failing with:
Exception: Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version 1.15.1, located in '/tmp/pip-build-env-dinhie_9/overlay/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/cffi/api.py'.  When we import the top-level '_cffi_backend' extension module, we get version 1.15.0, located in '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/_cffi_backend.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'.  The two versions should be equal; check your installation.
Running:
python3 -m pip install --user cffi==1.15.1
did not help. Bibliography:
From a clean virtualenv, it appears to move further, and then fails at:
Building wheel for cmsis-pack-manager (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'cargo'
So we install Rust and try again, OMG:
sudo snap install rustup
rustup default stable
which at the time of writing was rustc 1.64.0, and then OMG, it worked!! We have the yt command.
However, it is still broken, e.g.:
git clone https://github.com/lancaster-university/microbit-samples
cd microbit-samples
git checkout 285f9acfb54fce2381339164b6fe5c1a7ebd39d5
cp source/examples/invaders/* source
yt clean
yt build
blows up:
annot import name 'soft_unicode' from 'markupsafe'
bibliography:
stackoverflow.com/questions/73877965/how-to-compile-c-c-code-into-a-hex-file-for-the-bbc-microbit
Official support is abysmal, very focused on MicroPython and their graphical UI.
The setup impossible to achieve as it requires setting up the Yotta, just like the impossible to setup Compile MicroPython code for Micro Bit locally on Ubuntu 22.04 with your own firmware setup.
So we just use github.com/lancaster-university/microbit-samples + github.com/carlosperate/docker-microbit-toolchain:
docker pull ghcr.io/carlosperate/microbit-toolchain:latest
git clone https://github.com/lancaster-university/microbit-samples
cd microbit-samples
git checkout 285f9acfb54fce2381339164b6fe5c1a7ebd39d5

# Select a sample, builds one at a time. The default one is the hello world.
cp source/examples/hello-world/* source

# Build and flash.
docker run -v $(pwd):/home --rm ghcr.io/carlosperate/microbit-toolchain:latest yotta build
cp build/bbc-microbit-classic-gcc/source/microbit-samples-combined.hex "/media/$USER/MICROBIT/"
.hex file size for the hello world was 447 kB, much better than the MicroPython hello world downloaded from the website which was about 1.8 MB!
If you try it again for a second time from a clean tree, it fails with:
warning: github rate limit for anonymous requests exceeded: you must log in
presumably because after Yotta died it started using GitHub as a registry... sad. When will people learn. Apparently we were at 5000 API calls per hour. But if you don't clean the tree, you will be just fine.
Dead:
Micro Bit version
words: 9 articles: 1
Identification: kitronik.co.uk/blogs/resources/explore-micro-bit-v1-microbit-v2-differences The easiest thing is perhaps the GPIO notches.
Micro Bit GPIO
words: 20
Pinout overview: makecode.microbit.org/device/pins Basically 0, 1, and 2 are the truly generic ones. They can also serve as ADCs.
Micropython documentation: microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pin.html
In the 2010's/2020's, many people got excited about getting children in to electronics with cheap devboards, notably with Raspberry Pi and Arduino.
While there is some potential in that, Ciro Santilli always felt that this is very difficult to do, while also keeping his sacred principle of backward design in mind.
The reason for this is that "everyone" already has much more powerful computers at hand: their laptops/desktops and even mobile phones as of the 2020s. Except perhaps if you are thing specifically about poor countries.
Therefore, the advantage using such devboards for doing something that could useful must come from either:
  • their low cost. This would be an important consideration if you were to mass produce your product, but that is not going to be the case for learners, at least initially.
  • their portability, and closely linked their ability to act as sensors
  • their ability to act as actuators, which is often missing from regular computers
  • them having hardware accelerators that are not normally present in regular computers, e.g. FPGAs or AI accelerators. And then the demo project must demonstrate that the project is able to do something significantly faster/cheaper on the devboard than on a desktop computer.
Many devborads require a 5V power supply.
This is common on wall transformers and USB, but not in batteries.
For battery power you need a transformer.
Video 22.
Raspberry Pi Battery Power by ExplainingComputers (2021)
Source.

Digital and analog electronics

words: 26 articles: 7

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

words: 26 articles: 1
Many/most microcontroller boards have analog-to-digital converters built into them, it is very convenient. E.g. it is the case for the Raspberry Pi Pico.
Video 23.
Open Source 8.5 Digit Voltmeter from CERN by Marco Reps (2021)
Source.

LC circuit

words: 313 articles: 5
When Ciro Santilli was studying electronics at the University of São Paulo, the courses, which were heavily inspired from the USA 50's were obsessed by this one! Thinking about it, it is kind of a cool thing though.
That Wikipedia page is the epitome of Wikipedia failure to explain things in a way that is of any interest to any learner. Video 24. "Tutorial on LC resonant circuits by w2aew (2012)" is the opposite.
Video 24.
Tutorial on LC resonant circuits by w2aew (2012)
Source.
Video 25.
LC circuit dampened oscillations on an oscilloscope by Queuerious Guy (2014)
Source. Finally a video that shows the oscillations without a driving AC source. The dude just move wires around on his breadboard manually, first charging the capacitor and then closing the LC circuit, and is able to see damped oscillations on the oscilloscope.
Video 26.
Introduction to LC Oscillators by USAF (1974)
Source.
Video 27. Source. Exactly what you would expect from an Eugene Khutoryansky video. The key insight is that the inductor resists to changes in current. So when current is zero, it slows down the current. And when current is high, it tries to keep it going, which recharges the other side of the capacitor.
Both are harmonic oscillators.
In the LC circuit:
You can kickstart motion in either of those systems in two ways:
He participated in the development of the electrical telegraph, and he did some good modeling work that improved the foundations of the field, notably creating the telegrapher's equations.
He was one of those idealists who just want to do some cool work even if they have to starve for it, people had to get a state pension for him for his contributions. Nice guy. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Heaviside&oldid=1230097796#Later_years_and_views:
In 1896, FitzGerald and John Perry obtained a civil list pension of £120 per year for Heaviside, who was now living in Devon, and persuaded him to accept it, after he had rejected other charitable offers from the Royal Society.
He also never married: www.nndb.com/people/627/000204015/
Figure 18. . Source.

Electronics bibliography

words: 384 articles: 5

Electronics YouTube channel

words: 384 articles: 4

CuriousMarc

words: 377 articles: 2
www.youtube.com/channel/UC3bosUr3WlKYm4sBaLs-Adw
Mostly on vintage electronics. Lots of focus on microwave, which he has worked a lot with.
Has been going wild with restoration and reverse engineering of the Apollo moon mission.
Video 28.
Inside the WILD Lab of CuriousMarc by Keysight Labs (2022)
Source.
Marc Verdiell is a human electrical engineer best known for being the creator and host of the CuriousMarc YouTube channel.
Marc made $58.4m from the sale of LightLogic, an optoelectronics company he founded, to Intel in 2001:
Figure 19. . Source. Location inferred from Marc's videos', but likely, he often frequents the place, and it looks a bit like that.
Video 29.
Profile of Marc Verdiell by Gizmodo (2018)
Source.
youtu.be/tJ2-kkhghD4?t=74 gives his house's location Atherton, California, part of Silicon Valley. youtu.be/tJ2-kkhghD4?t=279 shows his amazing garden a bit more.
A quick look on Google Maps show that that area is full of some incredible mansions. They managed to keep the entire place green, every house has a pool. Wikipedia comments web.archive.org/web/20220906010554/https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/features/most-expensive-zip-codes-us/:
Atherton is known for its wealth; in 1990 and 2019, Atherton was ranked as having the highest per capita income among U.S. towns with a population between 2,500 and 9,999, and it is regularly ranked as the most expensive ZIP Code in the United States [(94027)]. The town has very restricting zoning, only permitting one single-family home per acre and no sidewalks. The inhabitants have strongly opposed proposals to permit more housing construction
. and Forbes confirms it for 2022: web.archive.org/web/20220906010554/https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/features/most-expensive-zip-codes-us/, by far on top.
youtu.be/ZgAreiFXhJk?t=253 lists some famous people who live there. It's like a micro heaven.
And a person who makes open educational content like Marc, truly deserves it.
Video 30.
Soyuz Clock Part 4: How accurate is it? by CuriousMarc (2020)
Source. The timestamp youtu.be/HKsjwT53yXw?t=580 mentions that his wife is called "Laurie", and that she escaped the Soviet Union, and two of her brothers went to jail in the escape process.
Company founded by Marc Verdiell in his garage, and later acquired by Intel which was going on a optoelectronics buying spree. The division was later sold off in 2023 of course during more difficult times: www.theregister.com/2023/10/31/intel_silicon_photonics_jabil/
On Crunchbase: www.crunchbase.com/organization/lightlogic
It's hard to understand exactly what the company did by Googling it nowadays. Sad and usual fate. Presumably something related to transceiver for fiber-optic communication. Only the patents remain: patents.google.com/?assignee=lightlogic&oq=lightlogic to tell its story to the brave.

Marco Reps

words: 7
www.youtube.com/c/MarcoReps
This mostly faceless German dude is awesome!

Ancestors (3)

  1. Area of technology
  2. Technology
  3. Ciro Santilli's Homepage

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