Computer

| 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Technology" | 136, 21k, 532

🗖 nosplit | ⇓ toc | ↑ parent "Technology" | Wikipedia | 136, 21k, 532

Tags: Good

The artistic instrument that enables the ultimate art: coding, in particular of physics simulations and formalization of Mathematics.

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Much more useful than instruments used in inferior arts, such as pianos or paintbrushes.

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Unlike other humans, computers are mindless slaves that do exactly what they are told to, except for occasional cosmic ray bit flips. Until they take over the world that is.

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Video 144. A computer is the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds by Steve Jobs (1980) Source. Likely an excerpt from an interview done for a documentary in 1980. TODO exact source.

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Table of contents | 136, 21k, 532
- 1. How computers work? | 175 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
- 2. Artificial general intelligence (AGI) | 144 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
- 3. Mobile phone | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 3.1. Mobile app | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Mobile phone"
- 4. Computer hardware | 0, 1k, 52 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 4.1. Moore's law | 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
  - 4.2. Semiconductor physical implementation | 49, 208, 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
  - 4.3. Transistor | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.3.1. Field-effect transistor (FET) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transistor"
      - 4.3.1.1. MOSFET | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Field-effect transistor"
  - 4.4. Integrated circuit (IC) | 74 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
  - 4.5. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
  - 4.6. Register transfer level (RTL) | 186, 188, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.6.1. Fabless manufacturing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Register transfer level"
    - 4.6.2. Logic gate | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Register transfer level"
    - 4.6.3. Verilog | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Register transfer level"
    - 4.6.4. VHDL | 0, 2, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Register transfer level"
      - 4.6.4.1. GHDL | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "VHDL"
  - 4.7. Central processing unit (CPU) | 0, 14, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.7.1. Microprocessor | 14 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Central processing unit"
  - 4.8. Computer data storage | 0, 82, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.8.1. Random-access memory (RAM) | 20, 34, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer data storage"
      - 4.8.1.1. Static random-access memory (SRAM) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Random-access memory"
      - 4.8.1.2. Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) | 14, 14, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Random-access memory"
        
        4.8.1.2.1. Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Dynamic random-access memory"
        
        4.8.1.2.1.1. DDR SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory"
    - 4.8.2. Solid-state drive (SSD) | 0, 48, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer data storage"
      - 4.8.2.1. Flash memory | 48 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Solid-state drive"
  - 4.9. Display device | 0, 96, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.9.1. E Ink | 96, 96, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Display device"
      - 4.9.1.1. Amazon Kindle | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E Ink"
  - 4.10. Instruction set architecture | 21, 90, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.10.1. Assembly language | 39, 39, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Instruction set architecture"
      - 4.10.1.1. Assembler (computing) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Assembly language"
    - 4.10.2. List of instruction set architectures | 10, 30, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Instruction set architecture"
      - 4.10.2.1. x86 | 0, 20, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of instruction set architectures"
        
        x86 Paging Tutorial | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit
      - 4.10.2.2. PowerPC | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of instruction set architectures"
  - 4.11. Computer manufacturers | 0, 437, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.11.1. Lenovo | 114, 417, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer manufacturers"
      - 4.11.1.1. ThinkPad | 303 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Lenovo"
    - 4.11.2. Raspberry Pi Foundation | 0, 20, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer manufacturers"
  - 4.12. Peripheral | 0, 34, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer hardware"
    - 4.12.1. Computer keyboard | 0, 34, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Peripheral"
      - 4.12.1.1. Kinesis Advantage 2 keyboard | 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer keyboard"
- 5. Computer science | 240, 2k, 68 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 5.1. Turing machine | 93, 172, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer science"
    - 5.1.1. Universal Turing machine | 56 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Turing machine"
    - 5.1.2. Turing complete | 23 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Turing machine"
  - 5.2. Formal language theory | 0, 353, 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer science"
    - 5.2.1. Formal language | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Formal language theory"
    - 5.2.2. Recursively enumerable language | 32, 32, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Formal language theory"
      - 5.2.2.1. RE (complexity) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Recursively enumerable language"
    - 5.2.3. Recursive language | 19, 274, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Formal language theory"
      - 5.2.3.1. R (complexity) | 37 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Recursive language"
      - 5.2.3.2. Undecidable problem | 144, 194, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Recursive language"
        
        5.2.3.2.1. Mortal matrix problem | 16 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Undecidable problem"
        
        5.2.3.2.2. Computable problem | 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Undecidable problem"
      - 5.2.3.3. Difference between recursive language and recursively enumerable language | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Recursive language"
      - 5.2.3.4. Recursive set | 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Recursive language"
    - 5.2.4. Chomsky hierarchy | 47 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Formal language theory"
  - 5.3. Computational problem | 15, 923, 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer science"
    - 5.3.1. Decision problem | 73, 583, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational problem"
      - 5.3.1.1. Halting problem | 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Decision problem"
      - 5.3.1.2. Function problem | 25, 501, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Decision problem"
        
        5.3.1.2.1. Busy beaver ( $B B (n)$ ) | 255 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Function problem"
        
        5.3.1.2.2. Integer multiplication | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Function problem"
        
        5.3.1.2.3. Integer factorization | 94, 185, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Function problem"
        
        5.3.1.2.3.1. NP-hard cryptosystems | 91 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Integer factorization"
        
        5.3.1.2.4. Discrete logarithm | 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Function problem"
    - 5.3.2. Algorithm | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational problem"
    - 5.3.3. Complexity class | 0, 313, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational problem"
      - 5.3.3.1. P (complexity) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Complexity class"
      - 5.3.3.2. NP (complexity) | 9, 313, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Complexity class"
        
        5.3.3.2.1. NP-complete | 21, 81, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP"
        
        5.3.3.2.1.1. Cook-Levin theorem | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP-complete"
        
        5.3.3.2.1.2. P versus NP problem (P vs NP) | 60, 60, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP-complete"
        
        5.3.3.2.1.2.1. Ladner’s Theorem | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "P versus NP problem"
        
        5.3.3.2.2. NP-hard | 15 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP"
        
        5.3.3.2.3. NP-intermediate | 58, 195, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP"
        
        5.3.3.2.3.1. BQP | 137 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP-intermediate"
        
        5.3.3.2.4. Co-NP | 13 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "NP"
  - 5.4. Cryptography | 0, 609, 30 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer science"
    - 5.4.1. Random number generation (RNG) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cryptography"
      - 5.4.1.1. Hardware random number generation | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Random number generation"
    - 5.4.2. Public-key cryptography | 21, 486, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cryptography"
      - 5.4.2.1. Digital signature | 21 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Public-key cryptography"
      - 5.4.2.2. Ring signature | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Public-key cryptography"
      - 5.4.2.3. RSA (cryptosystem) | 211, 364, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Public-key cryptography"
        
        5.4.2.3.1. How large primes are found for RSA | 109 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RSA"
        
        5.4.2.3.2. RSA vs Diffie-Hellman | 44 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RSA"
      - 5.4.2.4. Diffie-Hellman key exchange | 36 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Public-key cryptography"
      - 5.4.2.5. Elliptic curve cryptography | 0, 18, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Public-key cryptography"
        
        5.4.2.5.1. Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) | 18 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Elliptic curve cryptography"
    - 5.4.3. Encryption | 0, 27, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cryptography"
    - 5.4.4. GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG, GPG) | 68 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cryptography"
    - 5.4.5. Internet privacy | 0, 28, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cryptography"
      - 5.4.5.1. Anonymity | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet privacy"
      - 5.4.5.2. Internet privacy organizations | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet privacy"
        
        5.4.5.2.1. Riseup | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet privacy organizations"
      - 5.4.5.3. Operations security (OPSEC) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet privacy"
      - 5.4.5.4. Tor (anonymity network) | 0, 28, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet privacy"
        
        5.4.5.4.1. Tor Browser | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Tor"
        
        5.4.5.4.2. Tor Onion service | 26, 26, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Tor"
        
        5.4.5.4.2.1. Dark web | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Tor Onion service"
        
        5.4.5.4.3. The Hidden Wiki | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Tor"
        
        5.4.5.4.4. Can ISPs deanonymize Tor users based on timestamps of public posts? | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Tor"
  - 5.5. Hash function | 60 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer science"
- 6. Cyber crime | 0, 652, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 6.1. Silk Road (marketplace) | 652, 652, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cyber crime"
    - 6.1.1. Ross Ulbricht | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Silk Road"
- 7. Domain-specific language (DSL) | 40 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
- 8. E-book | 0, 24, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 8.1. E-book file format | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book"
    - 8.1.1. ASCII | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book file format"
    - 8.1.2. PDF | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book file format"
  - 8.2. E-book viewer | 0, 24, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book"
    - 8.2.1. Evince | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book viewer"
    - 8.2.2. Okular | 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "E-book viewer"
- 9. File format | 0, 781, 33 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 9.1. Human-readable medium | 0, 39, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File format"
    - 9.1.1. Binary data | 12, 39, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Human-readable medium"
      - 9.1.1.1. Binary large object | 15 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Binary data"
      - 9.1.1.2. Binary-to-text encoding | 0, 12, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Binary data"
        
        9.1.1.2.1. Base58 | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Binary-to-text encoding"
        
        9.1.1.2.2. Base64 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Binary-to-text encoding"
  - 9.2. Audio file format | 0, 381, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File format"
    - 9.2.1. MIDI | 127, 381, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Audio file format"
      - 9.2.1.1. SoundFont | 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "MIDI"
      - 9.2.1.2. vmpk | 220 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "MIDI"
  - 9.3. Data file format | 0, 20, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File format"
    - 9.3.1. JSON | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Data file format"
    - 9.3.2. XML | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Data file format"
    - 9.3.3. YAML | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Data file format"
  - 9.4. Image file format | 0, 177, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File format"
    - 9.4.1. JPEG | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Image file format"
    - 9.4.2. Portable Network Graphics (PNG) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Image file format"
    - 9.4.3. Vector graphics | 17, 96, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Image file format"
      - 9.4.3.1. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | 72, 79, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Vector graphics"
        
        9.4.3.1.1. Inkscape | 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Scalable Vector Graphics"
    - 9.4.4. Image editor | 0, 81, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Image file format"
      - 9.4.4.1. GIMP | 81 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Image editor"
  - 9.5. Video file format | 0, 164, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File format"
    - 9.5.1. Subtitle | 0, 164, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Video file format"
      - 9.5.1.1. How to hardcode subtitle into a video with FFmpeg? | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle"
      - 9.5.1.2. Subtitle file format | 0, 144, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle"
        
        9.5.1.2.1. Subtitle file editor | 0, 144, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle file format"
        
        9.5.1.2.1.1. Subtitle Edit | 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle file editor"
        
        9.5.1.2.1.2. Aegisub | 16 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle file editor"
        
        9.5.1.2.1.3. Gaupol | 14 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle file editor"
        
        9.5.1.2.1.4. kitone/subtitleeditor | 104 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Subtitle file editor"
    - 9.5.2. List of subtitle file formats | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Video file format"
      - 9.5.2.1. SubRip (.srt) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of subtitle file formats"
- 10. Information theory | 0, 210, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 10.1. Noisy-channel coding theorem (Shannon's theorem) | 201, 210, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Information theory"
    - 10.1.1. Turbo code | 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Noisy-channel coding theorem"
    - 10.1.2. Low-density parity-check code (LDPC) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Noisy-channel coding theorem"
- 11. Computer network | 0, 0, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 11.1. Internet | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer network"
    - 11.1.1. Domain Name System (DNS) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Internet"
      - 11.1.1.1. Domain name (DNS) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Domain Name System"
- 12. Markup language | 0, 403, 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 12.1. Cirodown | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markup language"
  - 12.2. LaTeX | 41, 108, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markup language"
    - 12.2.1. KaTeX | 25 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "LaTeX"
    - 12.2.2. Softcover (LaTeX) | 42 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "LaTeX"
  - 12.3. Markdown | 0, 166, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markup language"
    - 12.3.1. Pandoc | 40 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markdown"
    - 12.3.2. karlcow/markdown-testsuite | 44 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markdown"
    - 12.3.3. CommonMark | 80 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markdown"
    - 12.3.4. markdownlint/markdownlint | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markdown"
  - 12.4. Numerical computing language | 103, 103, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Markup language"
    - 12.4.1. Scilab | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Numerical computing language"
    - 12.4.2. MATLAB | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Numerical computing language"
- 13. Machine learning | 78, 140, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 13.1. Natural language processing | 62 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Machine learning"
- 14. Quantum computing | 80, 1k, 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - Programmer's model of quantum computers | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit
  - 14.2. Quantum algorithm | 193, 193, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
    - 14.2.1. Grover's algorithm | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum algorithm"
  - 14.3. Quantum error correction | 96 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.4. Quantum computing players | 52 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.5. Organizations developing quantum hardware | 0, 112, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.6. Organizations developing quantum software | 0, 38, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
    - 14.6.1. Cambridge Quantum Computing | 38 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organizations developing quantum software"
  - 14.7. Quantum computer physical implementations | 49, 686, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.8. Timeline of quantum computing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.9. Superconducting quantum computing | 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
  - 14.10. Quantum computer simulator | 51, 63, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computing"
    - 14.10.1. Qiskit | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quantum computer simulator"
- 15. Software | 0, 13k, 314 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer"
  - 15.1. Cloud computing | 0, 115, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.1.1. Platform as a service (PaaS) | 49, 115, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cloud computing"
      - 15.1.1.1. Heroku | 66 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Platform as a service"
  - 15.2. Compiler | 0, 26, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.2.1. Binutils | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Compiler"
    - 15.2.2. GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Compiler"
    - 15.2.3. Reproducible builds | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Compiler"
  - 15.3. Computer-aided design (CAD) | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.3.1. Open source CAD software | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer-aided design"
      - 15.3.1.1. FreeCAD | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source CAD software"
  - 15.4. Computer graphics | 2, 190, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.4.1. Mathematics illustration software | 35 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer graphics"
    - 15.4.2. OpenGL | 22, 63, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer graphics"
      - 15.4.2.1. Freetype GL | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "OpenGL"
      - 15.4.2.2. opengl-tutorial.org | 21 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "OpenGL"
    - 15.4.3. JavaScript graphics library | 0, 90, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer graphics"
      - 15.4.3.1. Paper.js | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript graphics library"
      - 15.4.3.2. Pixi.js | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript graphics library"
      - 15.4.3.3. Two.js | 86 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript graphics library"
  - 15.5. Computer program | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
  - 15.6. Computer security | 0, 95, 17 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.6.1. Arbitrary code execution (ACE) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.2. Data erasure | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.3. Multi-factor authentication (2FA) | 0, 66, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
      - 15.6.3.1. 2FA app | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Multi-factor authentication"
      - 15.6.3.2. Google 2FA app token can be updated without checking the old 2FA | 66 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Multi-factor authentication"
    - 15.6.4. OAuth | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.5. Password | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
      - 15.6.5.1. Password manager | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Password"
    - 15.6.6. Plausible deniability | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.7. Security through obscurity | 4, 29, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
      - 15.6.7.1. Kerckhoffs's principle | 25 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Security through obscurity"
    - 15.6.8. Malware | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.9. Ransomware | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
    - 15.6.10. Data breach | 0, 0, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer security"
      - 15.6.10.1. WikiLeaks | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Data breach"
      - 15.6.10.2. List of data breaches | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Data breach"
        
        15.6.10.2.1. United States diplomatic cables leak (2010) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of data breaches"
  - 15.7. Computer user-interface | 0, 63, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.7.1. Application programming interface (API) | 0, 54, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer user-interface"
      - 15.7.1.1. REST API | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Application programming interface"
      - 15.7.1.2. GraphQL | 54 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Application programming interface"
    - 15.7.2. Command-line interface (CLI) | 0, 9, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer user-interface"
      - 15.7.2.1. Desktop environment | 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Command-line interface"
    - 15.7.3. Graphical user interface (GUI) | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer user-interface"
      - 15.7.3.1. Splash screen | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Graphical user interface"
      - 15.7.3.2. Qt (software) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Graphical user interface"
  - 15.8. Database | 0, 1k, 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.8.1. NoSQL | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Database"
    - 15.8.2. MongoDB | 43, 85, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Database"
      - 15.8.2.1. Install MongoDB on Ubuntu | 42 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "MongoDB"
    - 15.8.3. Relational database | 0, 1k, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Database"
      - 15.8.3.1. Relational database management system (RDBMS) | 0, 1k, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Relational database"
        
        15.8.3.1.1. SQL | 0, 1k, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Relational database management system"
        
        15.8.3.1.1.1. MySQL | 186 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "SQL"
        
        15.8.3.1.1.2. PostgreSQL | 452, 754, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "SQL"
        
        15.8.3.1.1.2.1. Create a test user in PostgreSQL | 274 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "PostgreSQL"
        
        15.8.3.1.1.2.2. Peer authentication | 28 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "PostgreSQL"
        
        15.8.3.1.1.3. SQLite | 108 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "SQL"
    - 15.8.4. Object-relational mapping (ORM) | 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Database"
  - 15.9. File manager | 30, 90, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.9.1. Krusader | 40 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File manager"
    - 15.9.2. Ranger (file manager) | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File manager"
  - 15.10. File sharing | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.10.1. BitTorrent | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "File sharing"
  - 15.11. Game engine | 10, 53, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.11.1. Cocos2d | 33 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Game engine"
    - 15.11.2. Urho3D | 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Game engine"
  - 15.12. Geographic information system (GIS) | 0, 139, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.12.1. Google Maps | 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Geographic information system"
    - 15.12.2. OpenStreetMaps (OSM) | 106 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Geographic information system"
    - 15.12.3. Ordnance Survey | 25 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Geographic information system"
  - 15.13. Integrated development environment (IDE) | 257, 406, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.13.1. Vim | 44 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Integrated development environment"
    - 15.13.2. vader.vim | 5, 105, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Integrated development environment"
      - 15.13.2.1. plasticboy/vim-markdown | 32 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "vader.vim"
      - 15.13.2.2. honza/vim-snippets | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "vader.vim"
      - 15.13.2.3. Vimium | 66 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "vader.vim"
  - 15.14. Messaging software | 0, 1k, 28 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.14.1. Messaging software that force you to have a mobile phone | 206, 252, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messaging software"
      - 15.14.1.1. Messaging software that force you to share your mobile phone with contacts | 46 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messaging software that force you to have a mobile phone"
    - 15.14.2. Serverless browser P2P chat | 25 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messaging software"
    - 15.14.3. Email | 0, 130, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messaging software"
      - 15.14.3.1. Plausible deniability of email password handover | 110 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Email"
      - 15.14.3.2. Privacy focused email provider | 4, 6, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Email"
        
        15.14.3.2.1. ProtonMail | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Privacy focused email provider"
      - 15.14.3.3. List of email providers | 0, 14, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Email"
        
        15.14.3.3.1. Gmail | 0, 3, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of email providers"
        
        15.14.3.3.1.1. Dots in Gmail address | 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Gmail"
        
        15.14.3.3.2. Gerrila Mail | 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of email providers"
    - 15.14.4. Instant messaging | 0, 773, 16 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messaging software"
  - 15.15. Multimedia software | 0, 169, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.15.1. FFmpeg | 113, 153, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Multimedia software"
      - 15.15.1.1. FFmpeg is the backend of YouTube | 40 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FFmpeg"
    - 15.15.2. ImageMagick | 16 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Multimedia software"
  - 15.16. Open source software | 371, 1k, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.16.1. Free and open-source software (FOSS) | 97, 175, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source software"
      - 15.16.1.1. Models for financing open source software | 6, 72, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Free and open-source software"
        
        15.16.1.1.1. Software developer collective | 66 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Models for financing open source software"
      - 15.16.1.2. Open source software that is not-FOSS | 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Free and open-source software"
    - 15.16.2. Source code leaks | 58 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source software"
    - 15.16.3. Open knowledge | 36, 60, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source software"
      - 15.16.3.1. Open educational resources (OER) | 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open knowledge"
    - 15.16.4. Horrors of open source | 453 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source software"
    - 15.16.5. Closed source is less bad on online services | 32, 97, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source software"
      - 15.16.5.1. Closed source offline software used by millions | 65 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Closed source is less bad on online services"
  - 15.17. Programming language | 522, 3k, 58 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.17.1. Programming languages without a decent dominating package system | 81 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Programming language"
    - 15.17.2. List of programming languages | 0, 2k, 56 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Programming language"
      - 15.17.2.1. Bash (Unix shell) | 15 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.2. C (programming language) | 41 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.3. C++ (programming language) | 14 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.4. C# | 14 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.5. Haskell | 30 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.6. Java (programming language) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
      - 15.17.2.7. JavaScript | 32, 2k, 33 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
        
        15.17.2.7.1. Client-side storage | 2, 6, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript"
        
        15.17.2.7.1.1. Clear client-side storage | 0, 4, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Client-side storage"
        
        15.17.2.7.1.1.1. Clear client-side storage on Chromium | 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Clear client-side storage"
        
        15.17.2.7.2. Emscripten | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript"
        
        15.17.2.7.3. JavaScript library | 0, 4, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript"
        
        15.17.2.7.3.1. Babel (transcompiler) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript library"
        
        15.17.2.7.3.2. JavaScript bi-directional communication library | 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript library"
        
        15.17.2.7.3.3. Socket.IO | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript library"
        
        15.17.2.7.4. Node.js | 32, 2k, 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "JavaScript"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.1. Node.js library | 0, 2, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.1.1. Node.js object-relational mapping library | 0, 2, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js library"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.1.1.1. Sequelize | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js object-relational mapping library"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2. Node.js web framework | 0, 2k, 19 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.1. Express.js | 34, 163, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js web framework"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.1.1. Realworld app written in Express | 18, 129, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Express.js"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.1.1.1. gothinkster/node-express-realworld-example-app | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Realworld app written in Express"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.1.1.2. sigoden/node-express-realworld-example-app | 37 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Realworld app written in Express"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.1.1.3. Varun-Hegde/Conduit_NodeJS | 72 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Realworld app written in Express"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2. FeathersJS | 351, 1k, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js web framework"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1. FeatherJS demo apps | 2, 647, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeathersJS"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1.1. feathersjs/feathers-chat | 71, 262, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeatherJS demo apps"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1.1.1. feathers-chat PostgreSQL | 49 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "feathersjs/feathers-chat"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1.1.2. feathers-chat-react | 142 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "feathersjs/feathers-chat"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1.2. Codaisseur/feathersjs-react-redux-ssr | 284 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeatherJS demo apps"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.1.3. randyscotsmithey/feathers-realworld-example-app | 99 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeatherJS demo apps"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.2. FeathersJS Heroku deployment | 75 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeathersJS"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.2.3. FeathersJS signup email verification | 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "FeathersJS"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.3. Meteor (web framework) | 69 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js web framework"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.4. Nest.js | 24, 207, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js web framework"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.4.1. lujakob/nestjs-realworld-example-app | 36, 183, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Nest.js"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.4.1.1. lujakob/nestjs-realworld-example-app SQLite port | 147 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "lujakob/nestjs-realworld-example-app"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.2.5. Sails.js | 94 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js web framework"
        
        15.17.2.7.4.3. NVM | 14 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Node.js"
      - 15.17.2.8. Python (programming language) | 53, 306, 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
        
        15.17.2.8.1. pip (package manager) | 55 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python"
        
        15.17.2.8.2. Python Package Index | 13 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python"
        
        15.17.2.8.3. Jupyter Notebook | 47 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python"
        
        15.17.2.8.4. Python virtualization | 0, 12, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python"
        
        15.17.2.8.4.1. pyenv | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python virtualization"
        
        15.17.2.8.4.2. virtualenv | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python virtualization"
        
        15.17.2.8.5. Python library | 0, 126, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python"
        
        15.17.2.8.5.1. NumPy | 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python library"
        
        15.17.2.8.5.2. Python web framework | 0, 104, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python library"
        
        15.17.2.8.5.2.1. Django (web-framework) | 12, 104, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Python web framework"
        
        15.17.2.8.5.2.1.1. gothinkster/django-realworld-example-app | 92 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Django"
      - 15.17.2.9. Ruby (programming language) | 0, 358, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of programming languages"
        
        15.17.2.9.1. Ruby on Rails | 137, 358, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ruby"
        
        15.17.2.9.1.1. Ruby on Rails React integration | 78, 221, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ruby on Rails"
        
        15.17.2.9.1.1.1. shakacode/react_on_rails | 143 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ruby on Rails React integration"
  - 15.18. Scientific computing | 0, 258, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.18.1. Computer algebra system | 0, 18, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Scientific computing"
      - 15.18.1.1. SymPy | 18 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computer algebra system"
    - 15.18.2. Scientific visualization software | 20, 240, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Scientific computing"
      - 15.18.2.1. Open source scientific computing consultancies | 5, 5, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Scientific visualization software"
        
        15.18.2.1.1. Enthought | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source scientific computing consultancies"
        
        15.18.2.1.2. Kitware | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open source scientific computing consultancies"
      - 15.18.2.2. Plotting software | 0, 215, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Scientific visualization software"
        
        15.18.2.2.1. Survey of open source interactive plotting software with a 10 million point scatter plot benchmark by Ciro Santilli | 15 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Plotting software"
        
        15.18.2.2.2. Matplotlib | 115 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Plotting software"
        
        15.18.2.2.3. gnuplot | 85 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Plotting software"
  - 15.19. Software bug | 0, 230, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.19.1. Glitch | 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software bug"
    - 15.19.2. Debugging | 7, 196, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software bug"
      - 15.19.2.1. Bisection (software engineering) | 108 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Debugging"
      - 15.19.2.2. Debugger | 0, 81, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Debugging"
        
        15.19.2.2.1. GNU Debugger (GDB) | 15, 81, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Debugger"
        
        15.19.2.2.1.1. Reverse debugging | 42, 44, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GNU Debugger"
        
        15.19.2.2.1.1.1. Mozilla rr | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Reverse debugging"
        
        15.19.2.2.1.2. GDB Dashboard | 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GNU Debugger"
  - 15.20. Software engineering | 0, 1k, 21 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.20.1. Ciro Santilli's software engineering wisdom | 0, 600, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineering"
    - 15.20.2. "Hello, World!" program | 12, 12, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineering"
      - 15.20.2.1. Time to Hello World | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent ""Hello, World!" program"
    - 15.20.3. Software engineer | 48, 656, 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineering"
      - 15.20.3.1. The correlation between software engineers and Buddhism | 159 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineer"
      - 15.20.3.2. List of software engineers | 0, 447, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineer"
        
        15.20.3.2.1. Aaron Swartz | 123, 123, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of software engineers"
        
        15.20.3.2.1.1. The Internet's Own Boy (2014) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Aaron Swartz"
        
        15.20.3.2.2. Dan Dascalescu | 10, 32, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of software engineers"
        
        15.20.3.2.2.1. English as a universal language by Dan Dascalescu (2008) | 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Dan Dascalescu"
        
        15.20.3.2.3. Donald Knuth | 0, 6, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of software engineers"
        
        15.20.3.2.3.1. Knuth reward check | 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Donald Knuth"
        
        15.20.3.2.4. Eli Benderski | 70 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of software engineers"
        
        15.20.3.2.5. Fabrice Bellard | 216 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of software engineers"
      - 15.20.3.3. Gwern Branwen | 0, 2, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software engineer"
        
        15.20.3.3.1. gwern.net | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Gwern Branwen"
  - 15.21. Software portability | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.21.1. Porting | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software portability"
  - 15.22. Source code | 0, 2k, 37 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.22.1. The best code is no code at all | 37 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Source code"
    - 15.22.2. Use The Source Luke | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Source code"
    - 15.22.3. Systems programming | 40, 2k, 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Source code"
      - 15.22.3.1. Operating system (OS) | 18, 1k, 25 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Systems programming"
        
        15.22.3.1.1. Linux | 300, 917, 13 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operating system"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.1. Tux (mascot) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.2. Linux kernel | 19, 50, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.2.1. Linux insides | 31 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux kernel"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.3. Linux distribution | 0, 74, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.3.1. Linux distribution buildable from source | 74 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux distribution"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4. List of Linux distributions | 0, 493, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Linux"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.1. Android (operating system) | 263, 263, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of Linux distributions"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.1.1. F-Droid | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Android"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.2. Arch Linux | 47 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of Linux distributions"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.3. Buildroot | 21, 21, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of Linux distributions"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.3.1. BusyBox | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Buildroot"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.4. NixOS | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of Linux distributions"
        
        15.22.3.1.1.4.5. Ubuntu | 162 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of Linux distributions"
        
        15.22.3.1.2. BSD Operating System | 44 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operating system"
        
        15.22.3.1.3. Microsoft | 0, 386, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operating system"
        
        15.22.3.1.3.1. Microsoft Windows | 323 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Microsoft"
        
        15.22.3.1.3.2. Bill Gates | 63 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Microsoft"
        
        15.22.3.1.4. POSIX | 5, 10, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operating system"
        
        15.22.3.1.4.1. Environment variable | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "POSIX"
        
        15.22.3.1.4.2. Standard streams | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "POSIX"
        
        15.22.3.1.4.2.1. Standard output | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Standard streams"
        
        15.22.3.1.4.3. Non-POSIX command line utilities | 0, 5, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "POSIX"
        
        15.22.3.1.4.3.1. sudo | 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Non-POSIX command line utilities"
        
        15.22.3.1.5. TempleOS | 48 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operating system"
      - 15.22.3.2. Executable file format | 6, 44, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Systems programming"
        
        15.22.3.2.1. Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) | 18, 38, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Executable file format"
        
        ELF Hello World Tutorial | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit
      - 15.22.3.3. Virtualization | 0, 102, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Systems programming"
        
        15.22.3.3.1. Docker (software) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Virtualization"
        
        15.22.3.3.2. Emulator | 40, 102, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Virtualization"
        
        15.22.3.3.2.1. QEMU | 62 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Emulator"
      - 15.22.3.4. The most awesome systems programming software engineers of the 2000's | 72 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Systems programming"
  - 15.23. Terminal emulator | 14, 28, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.23.1. Yakuake | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Terminal emulator"
    - 15.23.2. Terminal multiplexer | 0, 12, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Terminal emulator"
      - 15.23.2.1. tmux | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Terminal multiplexer"
  - 15.24. Version control | 0, 214, 19 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.24.1. Concurrent Versions System (CSV) | 53 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Version control"
    - 15.24.2. Git | 0, 161, 17 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Version control"
      - 15.24.2.1. Git UI | 12, 35, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git"
        
        15.24.2.1.1. tig (git UI) | 23 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git UI"
      - 15.24.2.2. Pro Git book | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git"
      - 15.24.2.3. libgit2 | 2, 4, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git"
        
        15.24.2.3.1. libgit2/rugged | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "libgit2"
      - 15.24.2.4. Git web interface | 0, 120, 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git"
        
        15.24.2.4.1. GitHub | 55, 87, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git web interface"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.1. GitHub users deleted by GitHub | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitHub"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.2. GitHub Pages | 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitHub"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.3. GitHub Sponsors | 0, 2, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitHub"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.3.1. Who are the developers that are making the most money through GitHub sponsors? | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitHub Sponsors"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.4. Octokat.js | 2, 4, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitHub"
        
        15.24.2.4.1.4.1. octokit.js | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Octokat.js"
        
        15.24.2.4.2. GitLab | 26, 30, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git web interface"
        
        15.24.2.4.2.1. GitLab CI | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitLab"
        
        15.24.2.4.2.2. GitLab cookbook | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "GitLab"
        
        15.24.2.4.3. SourceForge | 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Git web interface"
  - 15.25. Web technology | 171, 1k, 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.25.1. HTML | 0, 263, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
      - 15.25.1.1. HTML canvas | 134, 263, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "HTML"
        
        15.25.1.1.1. WebGL | 129 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "HTML canvas"
    - 15.25.2. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) | 19, 42, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
      - 15.25.2.1. Sass (stylesheet language) | 23 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cascading Style Sheets"
    - 15.25.3. Asset bundler | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
      - 15.25.3.1. webpack | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Asset bundler"
    - 15.25.4. Push technology (Bi-directional communication) | 9 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
    - 15.25.5. Web browser | 0, 19, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
      - 15.25.5.1. Chromium (web-browser) | 17, 19, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web browser"
        
        15.25.5.1.1. Disable JavaScript on Chromium | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Chromium"
    - 15.25.6. Web development | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
    - 15.25.7. Web framework | 32, 873, 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web technology"
      - 15.25.7.1. A blog in every web framework | 70, 718, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web framework"
        
        15.25.7.1.1. gothinkster/realworld | 648 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "A blog in every web framework"
      - 15.25.7.2. Front-end web framework | 120, 123, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Web framework"
        
        15.25.7.2.1. Single page application (SPA) | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Front-end web framework"
        
        15.25.7.2.1.1. Isomorphic JavaScript | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Single page application"
        
        15.25.7.2.1.1.1. Server-side rendering (SSR) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Isomorphic JavaScript"
        
        15.25.7.2.2. List of front-end web frameworks | 0, 3, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Front-end web framework"
        
        15.25.7.2.2.1. Angular.js | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of front-end web frameworks"
        
        15.25.7.2.2.2. React (JavaScript library) | 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of front-end web frameworks"
        
        15.25.7.2.2.3. Vue.js | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of front-end web frameworks"
        
        15.25.7.2.2.3.1. Nuxt.js | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Vue.js"
  - 15.26. Software bibliography | 0, 2, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software"
    - 15.26.1. EbookFoundation/free-programming-books | 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Software bibliography"

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