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Molecular biology

| 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Biology" | words: 37 | descendant words: 3k | descendants: 186

🗖 nosplit | ⇓ toc | ↑ parent "Biology" | Wikipedia | words: 37 | descendant words: 3k | descendants: 186

Tags: The next big thing

Ciro Santilli believes that molecular biology technologies will be a large part of the next big things as shown at: Section "Molecular biology technologies".

Table of contents | 37, 3k, 186
- 1. DNA | 30, 3k, 72 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 1.1. Chromosome | 15, 72, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.1.1. Circular chromosome | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Chromosome"
    - 1.1.2. X chromosome | 0, 57, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Chromosome"
      - 1.1.2.1. X-inactivation | 57 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "X chromosome"
      - 1.1.2.2. Sex determination system | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "X chromosome"
        
        1.1.2.2.1. XY sex-determination system | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Sex determination system"
  - 1.2. DNA detection | 98 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
  - 1.3. DNA amplification | 60, 467, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.3.1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | 135, 407, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA amplification"
      - 1.3.1.1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction | 146 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Polymerase chain reaction"
      - 1.3.1.2. Isothermal DNA amplification techniques | 63, 126, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Polymerase chain reaction"
        
        1.3.1.2.1. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) | 63 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Isothermal DNA amplification techniques"
  - 1.4. DNA replication | 0, 11, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.4.1. Origin of replication (oriC) | 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA replication"
  - 1.5. DNA sequencing | 34, 880, 13 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.5.1. Base calling | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
    - 1.5.2. DNA microarray | 47 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
    - 1.5.3. Metagenomics | 131 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
    - 1.5.4. Short-read DNA sequencing | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
      - 1.5.4.1. Long-read DNA sequencing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Short-read DNA sequencing"
    - 1.5.5. RNA-Seq | 66, 66, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
      - 1.5.5.1. Gene expression profiling | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA-Seq"
    - 1.5.6. DNA sequencing company | 0, 602, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing"
      - 1.5.6.1. Illumina | 182, 454, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing company"
        
        1.5.6.1.1. Solexa | 272 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Illumina"
      - 1.5.6.2. Oxford Nanopore Technologies | 0, 148, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA sequencing company"
        
        1.5.6.2.1. Oxford Nanopore MinION | 128, 148, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Oxford Nanopore Technologies"
        
        How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it | 20 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit
  - 1.6. De novo DNA synthesis | 189, 449, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.6.1. Artificial gene synthesis | 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "De novo DNA synthesis"
    - 1.6.2. Species bootstrapping from DNA | 101, 250, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "De novo DNA synthesis"
  - 1.7. Epigenetics | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.7.1. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Epigenetics"
  - 1.8. RNA | 0, 434, 16 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.8.1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA"
      - 1.8.1.1. Alternative splicing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Messenger RNA"
    - 1.8.2. RNA secondary structure | 33, 33, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA"
      - 1.8.2.1. RNA half-life prediction | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA secondary structure"
    - 1.8.3. Transcription (biology) | 0, 375, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA"
      - 1.8.3.1. Post-transcriptional modification | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription"
      - 1.8.3.2. Promoter (genetics) | 23 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription"
      - 1.8.3.3. RNA polymerase | 17, 72, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription"
        
        1.8.3.3.1. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | 55 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA polymerase"
      - 1.8.3.4. Operon | 58, 280, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription"
        
        1.8.3.4.1. Transcription unit | 61 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operon"
        
        1.8.3.4.2. Operon vs transcription unit | 106 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operon"
        
        1.8.3.4.3. Polycistronic mRNA | 55 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Operon"
      - 1.8.3.5. Transcription factor | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription"
        
        1.8.3.5.1. Intrinsic termination (Rho-independent termination) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transcription factor"
    - 1.8.4. Type of RNA | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "RNA"
  - 1.9. Nucleotide | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
  - 1.10. Cytosine (C, Cyt) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
  - 1.11. Base pair (bp, kbp, Mbp) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
  - 1.12. Genetic code | 0, 112, 6 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.12.1. Reading frame | 20, 112, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Genetic code"
      - 1.12.1.1. Open reading frame (orf) | 57, 92, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Reading frame"
        
        1.12.1.1.1. NCBI open reading frame tool | 35 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Open reading frame"
    - 1.12.2. Codon | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Genetic code"
      - 1.12.2.1. Start codon | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Codon"
      - 1.12.2.2. Stop codon | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Codon"
  - 1.13. DNA paternity testing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
  - 1.14. Genetics | 11, 11, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.14.1. Transposable element (transposon) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Genetics"
  - 1.15. Gene | 0, 22, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.15.1. Genome | 0, 22, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Gene"
      - 1.15.1.1. Genomics | 22 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Genome"
  - 1.16. Mutation | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "DNA"
    - 1.16.1. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Mutation"
- 2. Molecular machine | 40, 52, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 2.1. Sodium channel | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular machine"
- 3. Protein | 5, 273, 39 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 3.1. Amino acid | 0, 53, 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
    - 3.1.1. Proteinogenic amino acid | 0, 53, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Amino acid"
  - 3.2. Protein degradation | 37 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
  - 3.3. Protein folding | 0, 17, 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
    - 3.3.1. Protein structure level | 0, 17, 7 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein folding"
      - 3.3.1.1. Primary structure | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein structure level"
      - 3.3.1.2. Secondary structure | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein structure level"
      - 3.3.1.3. Tertiary structure | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein structure level"
      - 3.3.1.4. Quaternary structure | 0, 17, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein structure level"
        
        3.3.1.4.1. Protein complex | 0, 17, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Quaternary structure"
        
        3.3.1.4.1.1. Protein dimer | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein complex"
        
        3.3.1.4.1.2. Homodimer | 17 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein complex"
    - 3.3.2. Computational protein folding | 0, 0, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein folding"
      - 3.3.2.1. Computational protein folding implementation | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational protein folding"
        
        3.3.2.1.1. AlphaFold | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational protein folding implementation"
      - 3.3.2.2. Protein folding problem | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Computational protein folding"
  - 3.4. Protein of unknown function | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
  - 3.5. Proteome | 17, 29, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
    - 3.5.1. Proteomics | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Proteome"
  - 3.6. Type of protein | 0, 86, 10 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
    - 3.6.1. Enzyme | 86, 86, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Type of protein"
      - 3.6.1.1. Cofactor (biochemistry) | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Enzyme"
        
        3.6.1.1.1. NADP+ | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cofactor"
      - 3.6.1.2. Protease | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Enzyme"
      - 3.6.1.3. Restriction enzyme | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Enzyme"
    - 3.6.2. Glycoprotein | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Type of protein"
    - 3.6.3. Polyprotein | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Type of protein"
    - 3.6.4. Receptor (biochemistry) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Type of protein"
    - 3.6.5. Transmembrane protein | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Type of protein"
      - 3.6.5.1. Transmembrane domain | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Transmembrane protein"
  - 3.7. List of proteins | 0, 46, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Protein"
    - 3.7.1. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) | 46 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "List of proteins"
- 4. Metabolism | 0, 117, 13 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 4.1. Excretion | 0, 0, 3 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolism"
    - 4.1.1. Feces | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Excretion"
      - 4.1.1.1. Flatulence | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Feces"
      - 4.1.1.2. Bullshit | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Feces"
  - 4.2. Flux balance analysis | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolism"
  - 4.3. Metabolite | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolism"
  - 4.4. Metabolome | 3, 14, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolism"
    - 4.4.1. Metabolomics | 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolome"
  - 4.5. Metabolic pathway | 7, 103, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Metabolism"
- 5. Molecular biology laboratory equipment | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 5.1. Laboratory centrifuge | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology laboratory equipment"
    - 5.1.1. Eppendorf tube (centrifuge tube) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Laboratory centrifuge"
- 6. Cell (biology) | 0, 411, 53 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Molecular biology"
  - 6.1. Cell biology (field) | 17 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
  - 6.2. Cell culture | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
    - 6.2.1. Growth medium | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell culture"
      - 6.2.1.1. Minimal growth medium | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Growth medium"
  - 6.3. Cell cycle | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
    - 6.3.1. Cell division | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell cycle"
  - 6.4. Cell type | 15, 20, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
    - 6.4.1. Cell type tree | 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell type"
    - 6.4.2. Cellular differentiation | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell type"
  - 6.5. Cell structure | 0, 221, 38 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
    - 6.5.1. Cellular compartment | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell structure"
    - 6.5.2. Cell membrane | 0, 8, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell structure"
      - 6.5.2.1. Cell wall | 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell membrane"
    - 6.5.3. Organelle | 0, 213, 34 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell structure"
      - 6.5.3.1. Cell nucleus | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.2. Cell projection | 29 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.3. Cytoplasm | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.4. Cytosol | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.5. Flagellum | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.6. Golgi complex | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
      - 6.5.3.7. Mitochondrion | 0, 51, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
        
        6.5.3.7.1. Cellular respiration | 0, 51, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Mitochondrion"
        
        6.5.3.7.1.1. Citric acid cycle | 39, 51, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cellular respiration"
        
        6.5.3.7.1.1.1. Electron transport chain | 12 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Citric acid cycle"
        
        6.5.3.7.1.2. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cellular respiration"
        
        6.5.3.7.1.3. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cellular respiration"
      - 6.5.3.8. Ribosome | 50, 89, 18 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
        
        6.5.3.8.1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.2. Translation (biology) | 0, 0, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.2.1. Elongation factor | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Translation"
        
        6.5.3.8.2.1.1. Prokaryotic elongation factor | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Elongation factor"
        
        6.5.3.8.2.1.1.1. EF-Tu | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic elongation factor"
        
        6.5.3.8.2.2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Translation"
        
        6.5.3.8.3. Structure of the ribosome | 0, 39, 11 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.1. Ribosome large subunit | 24 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Structure of the ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.2. Ribosome small subunit | 15 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Structure of the ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3. Prokaryotic ribosome | 0, 0, 5 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Structure of the ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3.1. Prokaryotic small ribosome subunit | 0, 0, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3.1.1. 16S ribosomal RNA | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic small ribosome subunit"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3.2. Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3.2.1. 5S ribosomal RNA | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.3.2.2. 23S ribosomal RNA | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.4. Eukaryotic ribosome | 0, 0, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Structure of the ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.4.1. Eukaryotic small ribosome subunit | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Eukaryotic ribosome"
        
        6.5.3.8.3.4.2. Eukaryotic large ribosome subunit | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Eukaryotic ribosome"
      - 6.5.3.9. Prokaryotic cell organelle | 18, 44, 2 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Organelle"
        
        6.5.3.9.1. Nucleoid | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic cell organelle"
        
        6.5.3.9.2. Pilus | 26 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Prokaryotic cell organelle"
  - 6.6. Single cell analysis | 21, 153, 4 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Cell"
    - 6.6.1. Whole cell simulation | 124 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Single cell analysis"
    - 6.6.2. Single cell sequencing | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Single cell analysis"
    - 6.6.3. Single cell visualization | 0, 8, 1 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Single cell analysis"
      - 6.6.3.1. Vitessce | 8 | 🔗 link | 🗖 nosplit | ↑ parent "Single cell visualization"

Ancestors

Biology | 0, 10k, 475
Natural science | 0, 62k, 2k
Science | 0, 67k, 2k
Ciro Santilli's Homepage | 262, 222k, 4k

Incoming links

Animation of molecular biology processes | 269, 317, 3
Molecular biology technologies | 911
Molecular Sciences Course of the University of São Paulo | 264
Omics | 168, 190, 1
Whole cell simulation | 124