Ciro Santilli
OurBigBook.com
$£ Sponsor €¥
中国独裁统治 China Dictatorship 新疆改造中心、六四事件、法轮功、郝海东、709大抓捕、2015巴拿马文件 邓家贵、低端人口、西藏骚乱
Science
Ciro Santilli's Homepage
OurBigBook.com
words: 107k
articles: 4k
Table of contents
107k
4k
Philosophy of Science
Science
1k
20
Reproducibility
Philosophy of Science
197
5
Replication crisis
Reproducibility
197
4
Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
Replication crisis
90
3
Big companies manage to publish white papers in peer reviewed journals
Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
36
Papers With Code
Journals must require source code and data sets to publish
1
Paper without code
Papers With Code
Never trust an experiment that is not supported by a good theory
Philosophy of Science
79
Physics and the illusion of life
Philosophy of Science
965
7
Animation of molecular biology processes
Physics and the illusion of life
146
4
XVIVO Scientific Animation
Animation of molecular biology processes
How to make animations of molecular biology processes
Animation of molecular biology processes
6
David Goodsell (watercolor molecular biology painter)
Animation of molecular biology processes
5
Clarafi
Animation of molecular biology processes
Alan Watts controlled dream of life talk
Physics and the illusion of life
146
Rick and Morty A Life Well Lived
Physics and the illusion of life
38
Reductionism
Philosophy of Science
13
4
First principle
Reductionism
4
2
From first principles
First principle
Empirical formula
First principle
4
Emergence
Reductionism
5
Natural science
Science
80k
3k
Physics
Natural science
42k
1k
How to teach and learn physics
Physics
67
4
Physics education needs more focus on understanding experiments and their history
How to teach and learn physics
1
There is value in tutorials written by early pioneers of the field
Physics education needs more focus on understanding experiments and their history
Doing physics means calculating a number
How to teach and learn physics
It is OK to treat things as black boxes
How to teach and learn physics
The most important physics experiments
Physics
4
Physics experiment without a decent modern video
The most important physics experiments
Aharonov-Bohm effect
The most important physics experiments
Compton scattering (1923)
The most important physics experiments
Photoelectric effect
The most important physics experiments
System of units
Physics
804
40
Intrinsic standards
System of units
Physical constant
System of units
Unit of measurement
System of units
List of systems of units
System of units
767
35
International System of Units (SI)
List of systems of units
642
34
Origins of Precision by Machine Thinking (2017)
International System of Units
Versions of the international System of Units
International System of Units
1
2019 redefinition of the SI base units
Versions of the international System of Units
Ampere in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units
International System of Units
Ampere
International System of Units
Kilogram
International System of Units
2
Avogadro project
Kilogram
Kibble balance
Kilogram
Time
International System of Units
308
14
Frequency
Time
6
3
Period (physics)
Frequency
Hertz (1857-1894)
Frequency
1
Megahertz
Hertz
Clock
Time
58
3
Quartz clock
Clock
Atomic clock
Clock
1
Caesium standard (1967, 3.26 cm)
Atomic clock
Unit of time
Time
5
Decimal time
Unit of time
Second (s)
Unit of time
Day (d)
Unit of time
1
Calendar
Day
Year (y)
Unit of time
Length
International System of Units
7
Meter
Length
4
Micrometer
Meter
Nanometer
Meter
Angstrom (Ä)
Meter
Picometer (pm)
Meter
Gauge block
Length
Light year
Length
Geiger counter
International System of Units
Natural units
International System of Units
1
Planck units
Natural units
Imperial units
System of units
Particle physics
Physics
28k
691
Electromagnetism
Particle physics
852
39
Maxwell's equations (1861)
Electromagnetism
452
31
Faraday's law of induction
Maxwell's equations
2
Electromagnetic induction
Faraday's law of induction
1
Inductive sensor
Electromagnetic induction
Lorentz force
Maxwell's equations
Explicit scalar form of the Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations
1
Overdetermination of Maxwell's equations
Explicit scalar form of the Maxwell's equations
Coulomb's law
Maxwell's equations
Solutions of Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations
1
Maxwell's equations with pointlike particles
Solutions of Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations in 2D
Maxwell's equations
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations
Electric field (
E
)
Maxwell's equations
63
10
Electric charge
Electric field
4
Electric charge measure unit
Electric charge
1
Coulomb (C)
Electric charge measure unit
Charge conservation
Electric charge
Electric current
Electric charge
Electric potential (
ϕ
)
Electric field
12
4
Volt (V)
Electric potential
3
Voltmeter
Volt
Voltage
Volt
Electronvolt
Volt
Hall effect
Maxwell's equations
3
Hall resistance (
R
x
y
,
R
H
)
Hall effect
Charge carrier density (
n
)
Hall effect
Hall effect sensor
Hall effect
Electromagnetic four-potential
Maxwell's equations
17
4
Electromagnetic tensor (
F
μ
ν
)
Electromagnetic four-potential
Four-current
Electromagnetic four-potential
Lorentz gauge condition
Electromagnetic four-potential
1
Coulomb gauge
Lorentz gauge condition
Magnetism
Electromagnetism
6
Magnetic field (
B
)
Magnetism
1
Tesla (unit, T)
Magnetic field
Magnetic moment
Magnetism
Magnetometer
Magnetism
Magnetic flux
Magnetism
Magnetic vector potential (
A
)
Magnetism
Relativity
Particle physics
3k
60
Special relativity
Relativity
2k
49
Invariance of the speed of light
Special relativity
History of special relativity
Special relativity
4
Luminiferous aether
History of special relativity
1
Aether theory
Luminiferous aether
Aether drag hypothesis
History of special relativity
1
Lorentz ether theory
Aether drag hypothesis
Special relativity experiment
Special relativity
29
5
Aberration (astronomy)
Special relativity experiment
Fizeau experiment
Special relativity experiment
Michelson-Morley experiment (1987)
Special relativity experiment
1
On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether (1987)
Michelson-Morley experiment
Hafele-Keating experiment (Special relativity atomic clock on planes experiment)
Special relativity experiment
Einstein synchronization
Special relativity
2
Frame of reference
Einstein synchronization
1
Inertial frame of reference
Frame of reference
Lorentz transformation
Special relativity
207
9
Lorentz covariance
Lorentz transformation
1
Lorentz invariant
Lorentz covariance
Lorentz transform consequence: everyone sees the same speed of light
Lorentz transformation
Length contraction
Lorentz transformation
1
Terrell rotation
Length contraction
Time dilation
Lorentz transformation
2
Transversal time dilation
Time dilation
Transverse Doppler effect
Time dilation
Twin paradox
Lorentz transformation
Maxwell's equations require special relativity
Special relativity
82
6
Deriving magnetism from electricity and relativity
Maxwell's equations require special relativity
Moving magnet and conductor problem
Maxwell's equations require special relativity
Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
Maxwell's equations require special relativity
3
Maxwell's equations are Lorentz invariant
Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
Maxwell's equations imply that the speed of light is the same for all inertial reference frames
Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
Maxwell Lagrangian
Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
Spacetime
Special relativity
367
9
Four-vector
Spacetime
Four-gradient
Spacetime
Minkowski space
Spacetime
121
2
Minkowski inner product
Minkowski space
1
Minkowski inner product matrix (
η
μ
ν
)
Minkowski inner product
Spacetime diagram
Spacetime
59
3
Light cone
Spacetime diagram
2
Timelike-separated event
Light cone
Spacelike-separated event
Light cone
Relativistic mechanics
Special relativity
73
6
Four-momentum
Relativistic mechanics
5
Relativistic energy
Four-momentum
2
Energy-momentum relation
Relativistic energy
Mass-energy equivalence (
E
=
m
c
2
)
Relativistic energy
Spacetime interval
Four-momentum
1
Proper time
Spacetime interval
General relativity
Relativity
19
9
Tests of general relativity
General relativity
1
Perihelion precession of Mercury (observed 1859, explained 1915)
Tests of general relativity
Why gravity is not a force?
General relativity
Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime
General relativity
Gravity
General relativity
4
Gravitational constant
Gravity
2
Experiments that measure the gravitational constant
Gravitational constant
1
Cavendish experiment
Experiments that measure the gravitational constant
Graviton
Gravity
Standard Model
Particle physics
3k
142
Theory of everything (TOE)
Standard Model
5
Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
Theory of everything
The standard model and general relativity are incompatible
Theory of everything
Fundamental interaction
Theory of everything
Quantum gravity
Theory of everything
1
String theory
Quantum gravity
Subatomic particle
Standard Model
3k
132
Elementary particle
Subatomic particle
3k
120
Are there more than 3 generations of particles in the Standard Model?
Elementary particle
Defining properties of elementary particles
Elementary particle
Photon
Elementary particle
2k
104
Light
Photon
722
49
Wave-particle duality
Light
9
Corpuscular theory of light
Wave-particle duality
1
Newton supported the corpuscular theory of light
Corpuscular theory of light
Wave theory of light
Wave-particle duality
3
Diffraction of light
Wave theory of light
2
Young's interference experiment (1803)
Diffraction of light
Arago spot (1818)
Diffraction of light
Electromagnetic radiation
Wave-particle duality
2
History of the electromagnetic theory of light
Electromagnetic radiation
1
Faraday effect (1845, Faraday rotation)
History of the electromagnetic theory of light
Light source
Light
5
Lamp
Light source
4
Incandescent light bulb
Lamp
Gas-discharge lamp
Lamp
2
Fluorescent lamp
Gas-discharge lamp
Neon lamp
Gas-discharge lamp
Optical fiber
Light
3
Optical fiber bibliography
Optical fiber
1
City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics (1999)
Optical fiber bibliography
Fiberscope
Optical fiber
Photometer
Light
Spectroscopy
Light
Speed of light
Light
21
7
Speed of light experiment
Speed of light
1
Fizeau's determination of the speed of light with a rotating cogwheel (1848)
Speed of light experiment
Emission theory (vision)
Speed of light
Faster-than-light (FTL)
Speed of light
3
Faster-than-light implies time travel
Faster-than-light
Tachyon
Faster-than-light
Tachyonic antitelephone
Faster-than-light
Electromagnetic spectrum
Light
412
18
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
2
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Very low frequency (VLF, 100 to 10 km, 3 kHz - 30 kHh)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio wave (1 m or more, 300 GHz or less)
Electromagnetic spectrum
150
9
Microwave (1 mm - 1 m, 300 MHz - 300 GHz)
Radio wave
95
8
Ultra High Frequency (10 mm - 1 m, 300 MHz - 3 GHz)
Microwave
Microwave source
Microwave
2
Klystron (1937)
Microwave source
Cavity magnetron (1940)
Microwave source
Microwave transmission
Microwave
2
Microwave transmission for trading
Microwave transmission
Microwave vs radio wave transmission
Microwave transmission
Microwave oven
Microwave
Infrared (680 nm - 1 m)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Visible spectrum (420-680 nm, 400-700 THz)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Ultraviolet (10 nm - 400 nm)
Electromagnetic spectrum
X-ray (10 pm - 10 nm)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Photon spin
Photon
Radiation pressure
Photon
2
Nichols radiometer
Radiation pressure
Solar sail
Radiation pressure
Single photon production and detection experiments
Photon
53
5
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC)
Single photon production and detection experiments
Two photon interference experiment
Single photon production and detection experiments
Photomultiplier
Single photon production and detection experiments
2
Photomultiplier tube
Photomultiplier
Silicon photomultiplier
Photomultiplier
Squeezed state of light
Photon
Optics
Photon
1k
42
Optoelectronics
Optics
Optical component
Optics
249
10
Beam splitter
Optical component
Half-silvered mirror
Optical component
Collimator
Optical component
34
2
Collimated beam
Collimator
1
Parallel light
Collimated beam
Diffraction grating
Optical component
Diaphragm (optics)
Optical component
Lens
Optical component
23
2
Biconvex spherical lens
Lens
1
Focal length (f)
Biconvex spherical lens
Camera obscura
Optics
Optical cavity
Optics
Optics vendor
Optics
15
2
Carl Zeiss AG
Optics vendor
1
Carl Zeiss SMT
Carl Zeiss AG
Point light source
Optics
Photonics
Optics
463
23
Silicon photonics
Photonics
12
4
Optical computer
Silicon photonics
3
Celestial AI (2020)
Optical computer
Lightmatter (2017)
Optical computer
Lumai
Optical computer
Photon polarization
Photonics
149
8
Polarization of light
Photon polarization
Polarizer
Photon polarization
6
Fresnel equations
Polarizer
1
Brewster's angle
Fresnel equations
History of polarization
Polarizer
Malus' Law
Polarizer
1
Étienne-Louis Malus (1775-1812)
Malus' Law
Three polarizers 45 degrees apart
Polarizer
Poincaré sphere
Photonics
Photonics equipment
Photonics
107
7
Acousto-optic modulator
Photonics equipment
Interferometer
Photonics equipment
2
Fabry-Pérot interferometer
Interferometer
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI, 1891)
Interferometer
Optical fibre
Photonics equipment
Optical table
Photonics equipment
Optical ring resonator
Photonics equipment
Higgs boson
Elementary particle
2
Goldstone's theorem
Higgs boson
Higgs mechanism
Higgs boson
Lepton
Elementary particle
180
9
Electron
Lepton
164
5
Elementary charge (
1
.
6
0
2
1
7
6
6
3
×
1
0
−
1
9
C
)
Electron
2
Why do the electron and the proton have the same charge except for the opposite signs?
Elementary charge
Oil drop experiment
Elementary charge
Electron rest mass
Electron
Positron (1932)
Electron
Muon (1936)
Lepton
Neutrino
Lepton
1
Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment (1956)
Neutrino
Composite particle
Subatomic particle
201
9
Hadron
Composite particle
149
8
Baryon
Hadron
1
Baryon vs meson vs lepton
Baryon
Neutron
Hadron
Proton
Hadron
1
Proton-to-electron mass ratio
Proton
Meson
Hadron
2
Pion (1947)
Meson
Kaon
Meson
Eightfold way (physics)
Subatomic particle
Parameters of the Standard Model
Standard Model
Standard Model Lagrangian
Standard Model
Why do symmetries such as SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) matter in particle physics?
Standard Model
Applications of particle physics
Particle physics
Quantum mechanics
Particle physics
16k
339
Quantum mechanics experiment
Quantum mechanics
1k
33
Emission spectrum
Quantum mechanics experiment
941
19
Spectral line
Emission spectrum
593
18
NIST Atomic Spectra Database
Spectral line
Forbidden mechanism
Spectral line
37
2
Selection rule
Forbidden mechanism
1
Metastable electron
Selection rule
Rydberg atom
Spectral line
Hydrogen emission spectrum
Spectral line
40
6
Gross hydrogen emission spectrum
Hydrogen emission spectrum
1
Hydrogen 1-2 spectral line (121.6 nm, 10.2e V)
Gross hydrogen emission spectrum
Rydberg formula (1888)
Hydrogen emission spectrum
1
Balmer series (1885)
Rydberg formula
Hydrogen spectral series
Hydrogen emission spectrum
1
Pickering series (1896)
Hydrogen spectral series
Fine structure
Spectral line
25
3
Fine structure constant (
α
)
Fine structure
Hyperfine structure
Fine structure
1
Hydrogen line
Hyperfine structure
Zeeman effect
Spectral line
1
Anomalous Zeeman effect
Zeeman effect
Double-slit experiment
Quantum mechanics experiment
110
3
Single particle double slit experiment
Double-slit experiment
1
Single electron double slit experiment
Single particle double slit experiment
Are particles bounced by the first wall in the double slit experiment?
Double-slit experiment
Franck-Hertz experiment
Quantum mechanics experiment
Quantum Hall effect (theorized 1975, observed 1978)
Quantum mechanics experiment
6
Integer quantum Hall effect
Quantum Hall effect
Fractional quantum Hall effect
Quantum Hall effect
3
Fractional quantum Hall effect for
ν
=
1
/
m
Fractional quantum Hall effect
Fractional quantum Hall effect for
ν
=
1
/
m
Fractional quantum Hall effect
1
Fractional quantum Hall effect 5/2
Fractional quantum Hall effect for
ν
=
1
/
m
Spin Hall effect
Quantum Hall effect
Macroscopic quantum phenomena
Quantum mechanics experiment
History of quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
2
Timeline of quantum mechanics
History of quantum mechanics
Old quantum theory
History of quantum mechanics
History of quantum mechanics bibliography
Quantum mechanics
2
The Quantum Story by Jim Baggott (2011)
History of quantum mechanics bibliography
The Old Quantum Theory by Dirk ter Haar (1967)
History of quantum mechanics bibliography
Quantum mechanics bibliography
Quantum mechanics
7
Introductory Quantum Mechanics by Richard Fitzpatrick (2020)
Quantum mechanics bibliography
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac (1930)
Quantum mechanics bibliography
1
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac revised fourth edition (1967)
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by Paul Dirac (1930)
MIT 8.06 Quantum Physics III, Spring 2018 by Barton Zwiebach
Quantum mechanics bibliography
Applications of Quantum Mechanics by David Tong (2017)
Quantum mechanics bibliography
Quantum Mechanics for Engineers by Leon van Dommelen (2011)
Quantum mechanics bibliography
Quantum physics by Jim Branson (2003)
Quantum mechanics bibliography
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
126
14
Schrödinger picture
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
29
7
Schrödinger picture example: quantum harmonic oscillator
Schrödinger picture
Wave function collapse
Schrödinger picture
29
5
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
Wave function collapse
4
Categorical quantum mechanics
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
EPR paradox
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
Many-worlds interpretation
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
1
Universal wavefunction
Many-worlds interpretation
Born rule
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Bra-ket notation
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Dirac-von Neumann axioms
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Linearity of quantum mechanics
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Observable
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Phase-space formulation
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
5k
97
Schrödinger equation
Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
4k
91
Time-independent Schrödinger equation
Schrödinger equation
1
Solving the Schrodinger equation with the time-independent Schrödinger equation
Time-independent Schrödinger equation
Derivation of the Schrodinger equation
Schrödinger equation
1
Why are complex numbers used in the Schrodinger equation?
Derivation of the Schrodinger equation
Schrodinger equation Hamiltonian
Schrödinger equation
The Schrodinger equation Hamiltonian has to be Hermitian
Schrödinger equation
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
Schrödinger equation
3k
63
Schrödinger equation simulations
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
1
Why it is hard to simulate quantum systems?
Schrödinger equation simulations
Schrödinger equation for a one dimensional particle
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
2
Plane wave function
Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
Time-independent Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
Schrödinger equation for a free one dimensional particle
Particle in a box
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
Quantum harmonic oscillator
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
5
4
Quantum LC circuit
Quantum harmonic oscillator
Hermite polynomials
Quantum harmonic oscillator
1
Hermite functions
Hermite polynomials
Ladder operator
Quantum harmonic oscillator
Quantum tunnelling
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
285
11
Atomic orbital
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
Quantum number
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom
49
9
Principal quantum number (n)
Quantum number
Azimuthal quantum number (l)
Quantum number
4
s-orbital
Azimuthal quantum number
p-orbital
Azimuthal quantum number
d-orbital
Azimuthal quantum number
f-orbital
Azimuthal quantum number
Magnetic quantum number (
m
l
)
Quantum number
Spin quantum number (
m
s
)
Quantum number
1
Spectroscopic notation
Spin quantum number
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
883
34
Separable state
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation for two electrons
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Orbital approximation
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Schrödinger equation solution for the helium atom
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Hartree-Fock method
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
650
12
Hartree-Fock method for the helium atom
Hartree-Fock method
Why do multiple electrons occupy the same orbital if electrons repel each other?
Hartree-Fock method
Aufbau principle
Hartree-Fock method
155
9
Electron configuration
Aufbau principle
Electron configuration notation (
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
, 1s2 2s2 2p6)
Aufbau principle
Why does 2s have less energy than 1s if they have the same principal quantum number?
Aufbau principle
Madelung energy ordering rule
Aufbau principle
1
Exception to the Madelung energy ordering rule
Madelung energy ordering rule
Term symbol (
2
S
1
/
2
,
2
P
1
/
2
,
2
P
3
/
2
)
Aufbau principle
18
3
Hund's rules (1927)
Term symbol
2
Hund's first rule
Hund's rules
Hund's second rule
Hund's rules
Term symbols for carbon ground state
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
Solutions for the Schrodinger equation with multiple particles
111
15
Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen molecule
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
Chemical bond
Schrödinger equation solution for molecule
111
13
Molecule
Chemical bond
87
5
Isomer
Molecule
4
Cis-trans isomerism
Isomer
Enantiomer
Isomer
Polymorphism (materials science)
Isomer
Stereochemistry
Isomer
Covalent bond
Chemical bond
4
Sigma bond
Covalent bond
Pi bond
Covalent bond
2
Double bond
Pi bond
Triple bond
Pi bond
Ionic bond
Chemical bond
Octet rule
Chemical bond
Two-state quantum system
Solutions of the Schrodinger equation
2
Bloch sphere
Two-state quantum system
Pauli matrix
Two-state quantum system
Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Schrödinger equation
Uncertainty principle
Schrödinger equation
174
10
Position and momentum space
Uncertainty principle
4
Position representation
Position and momentum space
Position operator
Position and momentum space
Momentum operator
Position and momentum space
Squeezed coherent state
Position and momentum space
Energy operator
Uncertainty principle
1
Time-energy uncertainty principle
Energy operator
Angular momentum operator
Uncertainty principle
1
Total angular momentum operator
Angular momentum operator
Complementarity (physics)
Uncertainty principle
Conservation laws in Schrodinger equations
Schrödinger equation
2
Conservation of the square amplitude in the Schrodinger equation
Conservation laws in Schrodinger equations
1
Probability current
Conservation of the square amplitude in the Schrodinger equation
Wave function (
ψ
)
Schrödinger equation
74
5
Matter wave (1923)
Wave function
4
Electron diffraction experiment
Matter wave
2
Diffraction of Cathode Rays by a Thin Film by Thomson and Reid (1927)
Electron diffraction experiment
Davisson-Germer experiment (1927)
Electron diffraction experiment
de Broglie relations
Matter wave
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
Non-relativistic quantum mechanics
35
4
Matrix mechanics (1925)
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
2
Quantum mechanical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations by Heisenberg (1925) (Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen)
Matrix mechanics
Heisenberg picture
Matrix mechanics
De Broglie-Bohm theory
Equivalent alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
Planck-Einstein relation
Quantum mechanics
11
2
Planck constant (
h
, 6.62E-34)
Planck-Einstein relation
1
Reduced Planck constant (
ℏ
,
h
/
2
π
)
Planck constant
Relativistic quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
7k
165
The Schrödinger equation is not relativistic
Relativistic quantum mechanics
Dirac equation
Relativistic quantum mechanics
817
49
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
Dirac equation
14
5
Spontaneous emission
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
1
Spontaneous emission defies causality
Spontaneous emission
Photon absorption
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
Stimulated emission
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
Einstein coefficients
Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission
The Dirac equation predicts spin
Dirac equation
Antimatter
Dirac equation
Particle creation and annihilation
Dirac equation
3
Particle decay
Particle creation and annihilation
1
Pair production
Particle decay
Relativistic particle in a box thought experiment
Particle creation and annihilation
The Dirac equation is consistent with special relativity
Dirac equation
Derivation of the Dirac equation
Dirac equation
Pauli equation
Dirac equation
Klein-Gordon equation
Dirac equation
1
Derivation of the Klein-Gordon equation
Klein-Gordon equation
Solutions of the Dirac equation
Dirac equation
1
Dirac equation solution for the hydrogen atom
Solutions of the Dirac equation
Spin (physics)
Dirac equation
311
25
Spin experiments
Spin
72
6
Stern-Gerlach experiment (1921)
Spin experiments
Spintronics
Spin experiments
4
Spin valve
Spintronics
Tunnel magnetoresistance
Spintronics
Giant magnetoresistance (1988)
Spintronics
Spin-transfer torque (1996)
Spintronics
Spin number of a field
Spin
6
Spin 0
Spin number of a field
Spin half
Spin number of a field
Spin 1
Spin number of a field
1
Proca equation
Spin 1
Spin 2
Spin number of a field
Why is the spin of the electron half?
Spin number of a field
Pauli exclusion principle
Spin
63
10
Slater determinant
Pauli exclusion principle
Fermions, bosons and anyons
Pauli exclusion principle
39
6
Fermion
Fermions, bosons and anyons
Boson
Fermions, bosons and anyons
Anyon (experimental: 2020, 2D only)
Fermions, bosons and anyons
39
3
Abelian an non abelian anyons
Anyon
2
Abelian anyon
Abelian an non abelian anyons
Non Abelian anyon
Abelian an non abelian anyons
Spin-statistics theorem
Pauli exclusion principle
Electron degeneracy pressure
Pauli exclusion principle
Dirac Lagrangian
Dirac equation
3
Dirac adjoint
Dirac Lagrangian
Gamma matrices
Dirac Lagrangian
Feynman slash notation
Dirac Lagrangian
Quantum field theory
Relativistic quantum mechanics
4k
113
Quantum field
Quantum field theory
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
Quantum field theory
391
19
Gauge theory
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
3
Lattice gauge theory
Gauge theory
Gauge field
Gauge theory
Gauge symmetry
Gauge theory
Fock space
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
Second quantization
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
1
Canonical quantization
Second quantization
Path integral formulation
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
3
Quantum particles take all possible paths
Path integral formulation
Propagator
Path integral formulation
Infinitely many slits thought experiment
Path integral formulation
Renormalization
Mathematical formulation of quantum field theory
225
7
Mass renormalization
Renormalization
Renormalization group
Renormalization
Cutoff energy
Renormalization
Effective field theory
Renormalization
Yang-Mills theory
Renormalization
2
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap
Yang-Mills theory
1
Wightman axioms
Yang-Mills existence and mass gap
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum field theory
2k
31
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
Quantum electrodynamics
279
7
Lamb shift (1947)
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
1
Lamb-Retherford experiment (1947, Lamb shift experiment)
Lamb shift
Electron magnetic moment
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
80
3
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
Electron magnetic moment
10
2
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
1
The Magnetic Moment of the Electron by Kusch and Foley (1948)
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron
Dirac equation vs quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics experiment
Applications of quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
Quantum electrodynamics
1
Derivation of the quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
Quantum electrodynamics Lagrangian
What does it mean that photons are force carriers for electromagnetism?
Quantum electrodynamics
Photon field
Quantum electrodynamics
Schwinger effect
Quantum electrodynamics
Feynman diagram
Quantum electrodynamics
2
Feynman diagram solver
Feynman diagram
Does the exact position of vertices matter in Feynman diagrams?
Feynman diagram
Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory
Quantum electrodynamics
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics
1
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Positrons are electrons travelling back in time
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Quantum electrodynamics
176
9
Quantum Theory of Radiation by Fermi (1932)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Advanced quantum mechanics by Freeman Dyson (1951)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics by Julian Schwinger (1958)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Richard Feynman Quantum Electrodynamics Lecture at University of Auckland (1979)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
1
Quantum Mechanical View of Reality by Richard Feynman (1983)
Richard Feynman Quantum Electrodynamics Lecture at University of Auckland (1979)
Quantum electrodynamics by Lifshitz et al. 2nd edition (1982)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Physics 253a by Sidney Coleman (1986)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
QED and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga by Silvan Schweber (1994)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Advanced quantum mechanics II by Douglas Gingrich (2004)
Quantum electrodynamics bibliography
Weak interaction
Quantum field theory
9
Electroweak interaction
Weak interaction
Parity violation
Weak interaction
4
Wu experiment (1956)
Parity violation
CP Violation
Parity violation
2
CPT symmetry
CP Violation
Strong CP problem
CP Violation
Weak charge
Weak interaction
W boson
Weak interaction
Z boson
Weak interaction
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
Quantum field theory
11
Quark
Quantum chromodynamics
3
Down quark
Quark
Up quark
Quark
1
Why do the up ad down quarks have different masses?
Up quark
Strange quark
Quantum chromodynamics
Gluon
Quantum chromodynamics
1
Glueball
Gluon
Proton decay
Quantum chromodynamics
Strong interaction
Quantum chromodynamics
Color charge
Quantum chromodynamics
Color confinement
Quantum chromodynamics
Quantum field theory simulations
Quantum field theory
1
Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem
Quantum field theory simulations
Infinities in quantum field theory
Quantum field theory
1
Mathematical consistency of quantum field theory
Infinities in quantum field theory
Internal and spacetime symmetries
Quantum field theory
2
Internal symmetry
Internal and spacetime symmetries
Spacetime symmetry
Internal and spacetime symmetries
Quantum field theory bibliography
Quantum field theory
968
30
Quantum field theory lecture notes
Quantum field theory bibliography
3
An Introduction to QED and QCD by Jeff Forshaw (1997)
Quantum field theory lecture notes
Quantum Field Theory lecture notes by David Tong (2007)
Quantum field theory lecture notes
Quantum Field Theory book by Mark Srednicki (2006)
Quantum field theory lecture notes
Quantum field theory lectures
Quantum field theory bibliography
463
17
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by Apoorva D Patel (2014)
Quantum field theory lectures
New Revolutions in Particle Physics by Leonard Susskind (2009)
Quantum field theory lectures
David Tong's 2009 Quantum Field Theory lectures at the Perimeter Institute
Quantum field theory lectures
1
Lecture 1
David Tong's 2009 Quantum Field Theory lectures at the Perimeter Institute
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
Quantum field theory lectures
400
12
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
9
Lecture 1
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 2
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 3
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 4
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 5
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 8
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 9
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 14
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Lecture 15
Quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Advanced quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Quantum field theory courses by Tobias Osborne
1
Lecture 2
Advanced quantum field theory lecture by Tobias Osborne (2017)
Quantum field theory book
Quantum field theory bibliography
7
No-Nonsense Quantum Field Theory by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2020)
Quantum field theory book
Quantum Field Theory for The Gifted Amateur by Tom Lancaster (2015)
Quantum field theory book
Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory by Robert D Klauber (2013)
Quantum field theory book
Quantum field theory in a nutshell by Anthony Zee (2010)
Quantum field theory book
Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory by Voja Radovanovic (2008)
Quantum field theory book
Quantum Field Theory Demystified by David McMahon (2008)
Quantum field theory book
An Introduction To Quantum Field Theory by Peskin and Schroeder (1995)
Quantum field theory book
Quantization (physics)
Quantum mechanics
1
Quantization of a real scalar field
Quantization
Quantum superposition
Quantum mechanics
Quantum entanglement
Quantum mechanics
25
4
Bell's theorem
Quantum entanglement
3
Bell test experiment
Bell's theorem
1
Loopholes in Bell test experiments
Bell test experiment
Local hidden-variable theory
Bell's theorem
No-go theorem
Quantum mechanics
Experimental particle physics
Particle physics
35
15
Cross section (physics)
Experimental particle physics
1
Barn (unit)
Cross section
Particle detector
Experimental particle physics
2
Cloud chamber
Particle detector
Bubble chamber
Particle detector
Particle accelerator
Experimental particle physics
6
9
Particle accelerator facility
Particle accelerator
4
CERN
Particle accelerator facility
2
CERN experiment
CERN
1
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
CERN experiment
Superconducting Super Collider
Particle accelerator facility
Synchrotron
Particle accelerator
3
Cyclotron
Synchrotron
2
Landau quantization
Cyclotron
1
Landau level
Landau quantization
Nuclear physics
Particle physics
2k
74
Atomic nucleus
Nuclear physics
2
Nucleon
Atomic nucleus
Nuclear force
Atomic nucleus
Radioactive decay
Nuclear physics
318
12
Type of radioactive decay
Radioactive decay
8
Alpha decay
Type of radioactive decay
4
Cluster decay
Alpha decay
Spontaneous fission
Alpha decay
Alpha particle
Alpha decay
1
Geiger-Nuttall law
Alpha particle
Beta decay
Type of radioactive decay
Gamma ray
Type of radioactive decay
1
Nuclear isomer
Gamma ray
Decay chain
Radioactive decay
Decay scheme
Radioactive decay
Half-life
Radioactive decay
Isotope
Nuclear physics
Nuclear fission
Nuclear physics
38
6
Neutron temperature
Nuclear fission
2
Fast neutron
Neutron temperature
Slow neutron
Neutron temperature
Fissile material
Nuclear fission
Nuclear chain reaction
Nuclear fission
1
Nuclear reactor
Nuclear chain reaction
Nuclear magnetic moment
Nuclear physics
267
7
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic moment
6
Larmor precession
Nuclear magnetic resonance
1
Larmor frequency
Larmor precession
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Magnetic resonance imaging
Nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR vendor
Nuclear magnetic resonance
1
Bruker Corporation
NMR vendor
Nuclear weapon
Nuclear physics
705
41
Fission weapon
Nuclear weapon
4
Fission weapon by geometry
Fission weapon
2
Gun-type fission weapon
Fission weapon by geometry
Implosion-type fission weapon
Fission weapon by geometry
Boosted fission weapon
Fission weapon
Low-background steel
Nuclear weapon
Thermonuclear weapon
Nuclear weapon
1
Mark 17 nuclear bomb (1954-1957)
Thermonuclear weapon
Nuclear site
Nuclear weapon
11
2
Hanford site
Nuclear site
1
B Reactor
Hanford site
Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear weapon
3
Nuclear weapon test
Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear weapon detonation
Nuclear weapons testing
1
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945-08-06 and 1945-08-09)
Nuclear weapon detonation
Nuclear weapons program
Nuclear weapon
396
11
American nuclear weapons program
Nuclear weapons program
234
6
Nuclear football
American nuclear weapons program
Manhattan Project (1942-1946)
American nuclear weapons program
38
4
Einstein-Szilard letter (1939-08-02)
Manhattan Project
Chicago Pile-1 (1942-12-02)
Manhattan Project
1
Metallurgical Laboratory
Chicago Pile-1
Trinity (nuclear test, 1945-07-16, first nuclear weapon detonated)
Manhattan Project
British nuclear weapons program
Nuclear weapons program
1
Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE)
British nuclear weapons program
French nuclear weapons program
Nuclear weapons program
German nuclear weapons program (Uranprojekt, Uranverein)
Nuclear weapons program
Nuclear weapon delivery
Nuclear weapon
15
4
Nuclear triad
Nuclear weapon delivery
Intercontinental ballistic missile
Nuclear weapon delivery
1
LGM-30 Minuteman
Intercontinental ballistic missile
Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle
Nuclear weapon delivery
Salted bomb
Nuclear weapon
1
Cobalt bomb
Salted bomb
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
Nuclear weapon
2
Strategic nuclear weapon
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
Tactical nuclear weapon
Tactical and strategic nuclear weapons
Variable yield
Nuclear weapon
List of nuclear weapons
Nuclear weapon
2
Fat Man (1945)
List of nuclear weapons
Little Boy (1945)
List of nuclear weapons
History of particle physics
Particle physics
2
The Harvest of a Century by Siegmund Brandt (2008)
History of particle physics
Inward Bound by Abraham Pais (1988)
History of particle physics
Particle physics bibliography
Particle physics
416
11
PBS Space Time
Particle physics bibliography
2011 PHYS 485 lecture videos by Roger Moore from the University of Alberta
Particle physics bibliography
Particle physics YouTube channel
Particle physics bibliography
2
8
Andrew Dotson YouTube channel
Particle physics YouTube channel
1
Andrew Dotson
Andrew Dotson YouTube channel
Dietterich Labs
Particle physics YouTube channel
Pretty Much Physics
Particle physics YouTube channel
ViaScience
Particle physics YouTube channel
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
Particle physics YouTube channel
1
Eugene Khutoryansky
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
Don Lincoln (particle physicist, YouTubber)
Particle physics YouTube channel
Energy
Physics
33
7
Joule (J)
Energy
Conservation of energy
Energy
Potential energy
Energy
Kinetic energy
Energy
1
Why kinetic energy is
m
v
2
/
2
?
Kinetic energy
Work (physics)
Energy
1
Why work is force times distance?
Work
Experimental physics
Physics
1
Theoretical physics
Experimental physics
Field (physics)
Physics
135
4
Principle of locality
Field
135
3
Causality
Principle of locality
46
2
Causality in quantum mechanics
Causality
1
Causality and quantum jumps are incompatible
Causality in quantum mechanics
Law of physics
Physics
History of physics
Physics
1
Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics
History of physics
Condensed matter physics
Physics
4k
188
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Condensed matter physics
Solid-state physics
Condensed matter physics
35
10
Crystallography
Solid-state physics
7
Crystal system
Crystallography
Point group
Crystallography
3
Point groups in two dimensions
Point group
Point groups in three dimensions
Point group
Crystallographic restriction theorem
Point group
Bravais lattice
Crystallography
Crystal
Crystallography
Topological insulator
Solid-state physics
1
Topology in condensed matter
Topological insulator
Electronic band theory
Condensed matter physics
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Condensed matter physics
2k
52
Electrical reactance
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
1
Electrical impedance
Electrical reactance
Four-terminal sensing
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Dependence of electrical resistivity on tempreature
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
1
Kondo effect (Resistivity increase when temperature is lowered)
Dependence of electrical resistivity on tempreature
Semiconductor
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
21
2
Type of semiconductor
Semiconductor
1
III-V semiconductor
Type of semiconductor
Superconductivity
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
2k
43
Superconductor resistivity experiment video
Superconductivity
Superconductor coil experiment video
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a a form of superfluidity
Superconductivity
Cooper pair
Superconductivity
Superconducting temperature
Superconductivity
Superconducting material
Superconductivity
63
10
Type-I superconductor
Superconducting material
Type-II superconductor
Superconducting material
High-temperature superconductivity (HTS, 1986)
Superconducting material
63
7
Room temperature superconductor
High-temperature superconductivity
3
Resonating valence bond theory
Room temperature superconductor
Room temperature and pressure superconductor
Room temperature superconductor
1
LK-99
Room temperature and pressure superconductor
List of High-temperature superconductors
High-temperature superconductivity
2
Yttrium barium copper oxide
List of High-temperature superconductors
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
List of High-temperature superconductors
Applications of superconductivity
Superconductivity
1
Most important superconductor material
Applications of superconductivity
Superconductor I-V curve
Superconductivity
1
Do superconductors carry infinite current?
Superconductor I-V curve
BCS Theory (1957)
Superconductivity
Josephson effect (1962)
Superconductivity
1k
21
History of the Josephson effect
Josephson effect
2
Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling (1963, Prediction of the Josephson effect)
History of the Josephson effect
Probable observation of the Josephson superconducting tunneling effect (1963, Observation of the Josephson effect)
History of the Josephson effect
Josephson effect regime
Josephson effect
4
DC Josephson effect
Josephson effect regime
AC Josephson effect
Josephson effect regime
Inverse AC Josephson effect
Josephson effect regime
1
Shapiro steps
Inverse AC Josephson effect
Josephson equations
Josephson effect
2
Josephson current (
I
c
)
Josephson equations
Josephson phase (
φ
)
Josephson equations
Josephson junction
Josephson effect
1
Pi Josephson junction
Josephson junction
Magnetic flux quantum
Josephson effect
2
Experimental Evidence for Quantized Flux in Superconducting Cylinders (1961, Bascom S. Deaver, Jr., William M. Fairbank)
Magnetic flux quantum
Josephson constant
Magnetic flux quantum
Symmetry breaking in superconductors
Josephson effect
Applications of Josephson Junctions
Josephson effect
15
3
Josephson voltage standard
Applications of Josephson Junctions
SQUID device
Applications of Josephson Junctions
1
DC SQUID
SQUID device
Superconducting tunnel junction (STJ)
Condensed matter physics
Superfluidity
Condensed matter physics
State of matter
Condensed matter physics
11
High pressure
State of matter
Solid
State of matter
Liquid
State of matter
Gas
State of matter
6
Fermi gas
Gas
5
Electron gas
Fermi gas
2
Two-dimensional electron gas
Electron gas
1
Laughlin wavefunction
Two-dimensional electron gas
1D Fermi gas
Fermi gas
1
Impenetrable Bose Gas
1D Fermi gas
Bose-Einstein condensate
State of matter
Materials science
Condensed matter physics
1k
51
Type of material
Materials science
21
9
Glass
Type of material
Quantum dot
Type of material
1
Quantum dot single photon source
Quantum dot
Metal
Type of material
3
Alloy
Metal
Metallurgy
Metal
1
Ingot
Metallurgy
Polymer
Type of material
1
Plastic
Polymer
Material property
Materials science
1k
40
Density
Material property
Magnet
Material property
98
15
Permanent magnet
Magnet
1
Curie temperature
Permanent magnet
Ferromagnetism
Magnet
Ising model (1920)
Magnet
4
Solution of the Ising model
Ising model
1D Ising model
Ising model
2D Ising model
Ising model
3D Ising model
Ising model
Magnetic dipole (tiny idealized magnet)
Magnet
2
Magnetic dipole moment
Magnetic dipole
Magnetic dipole in an inhomogenous magnetic field
Magnetic dipole
Superconducting magnet
Magnet
41
3
Superconducting magnet vendor
Superconducting magnet
1
Oxford Instruments (1959)
Superconducting magnet vendor
High temperature superconductor superconducting magnet
Superconducting magnet
Optical material property
Material property
399
8
Black-body radiation
Optical material property
15
5
Planck's law (1900)
Black-body radiation
2
Wien approximation (1896)
Planck's law
Rayleigh-Jeans law (1900)
Planck's law
Black-body radiation experiment
Black-body radiation
Ultraviolet catastrophe
Black-body radiation
Transparency (electromagnetic radiation)
Optical material property
1
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Transparency
Piezoelectricity
Material property
3
Piezoelectric actuator
Piezoelectricity
1
Piezoelectric motor
Piezoelectric actuator
Piezo ignition
Piezoelectricity
Photoluminescence
Material property
12
3
Fluorescence
Photoluminescence
2
Fluorometer
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Fluorescence
Specific heat capacity
Material property
36
3
Einstein solid
Specific heat capacity
1
Dulong-Petit law
Einstein solid
Debye model
Specific heat capacity
Viscosity
Material property
1
Pitch drop experiment
Viscosity
Laser
Condensed matter physics
11
Maser
Laser
Three-level laser
Laser
Four-level laser
Laser
Why can't you collimate incoherent light as well as a laser?
Laser
Are lasers polarized
Laser
Optical tweezers
Laser
1
Laser cooling
Optical tweezers
Population inversion
Laser
Pulsed laser
Laser
Laser vendor
Laser
1
Coherent, Inc.
Laser vendor
Quasiparticle
Condensed matter physics
1
Quasiparticles vs elementary particles
Quasiparticle
History of condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter Physics bibliography
Condensed matter physics
39
40
Condensed matter university course
Condensed matter Physics bibliography
39
Theories of Quantum Matter by Austen Lamacraft
Condensed matter university course
37
Many Body Wavefunctions
Theories of Quantum Matter by Austen Lamacraft
7
Bosons and Fermions
Many Body Wavefunctions
2
Two Particles
Bosons and Fermions
Product States
Bosons and Fermions
The 1D Fermi Gas
Many Body Wavefunctions
3
Ground State
The 1D Fermi Gas
Density; Density Matrix; Pair Distribution
The 1D Fermi Gas
Impenetrable Bose Gas
The 1D Fermi Gas
Quantum Hall Effect
Theories of Quantum Matter by Austen Lamacraft
10
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Quantum Hall Effect
7
Landau Levels
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
2
Lowest Landau level (LLL)
Landau Levels
1
Filled LLL of Fermions
Lowest Landau level
The Laughlin Wavefunction
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
The Plasma Analogy
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Fractional Charge
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Fractional Statistics
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Appendix
Quantum Hall Effect
1
Sampling from a complex wavefunction
Appendix
The Elastic Chain
Theories of Quantum Matter by Austen Lamacraft
17
The Classical System
The Elastic Chain
3
Equations of Motion
The Classical System
Hamiltonian Formulation
The Classical System
Complex Coordinates
The Classical System
Quantum Oscillators
The Elastic Chain
6
The Quantum Chain
Quantum Oscillators
Oscillator Quanta are Bosons!
Quantum Oscillators
Thermodynamic (
N
→
∞
) limit
Quantum Oscillators
Finite Temperature
Quantum Oscillators
Position Fluctuations
Quantum Oscillators
Density Fluctuations
Quantum Oscillators
Appendix
The Elastic Chain
5
Fourier review
Appendix
Discrete Fourier Transform
Appendix
Properties of the Fourier Transform
Appendix
Higher dimensions
Appendix
Evaluating (56)
Appendix
Course: Quantum Many-Body Physics in Condensed Matter by Luis Gregorio Dias (2020)
Condensed matter university course
Statistical physics
Physics
984
51
Statistical mechanics
Statistical physics
1
Kinetic theory of gases
Statistical mechanics
Sedimentation
Statistical physics
Maxwell-Boltzmann vs Bose-Einstein vs Fermi-Diract statisics
Statistical physics
68
10
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (MB distribution)
Maxwell-Boltzmann vs Bose-Einstein vs Fermi-Diract statisics
34
5
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Experimental verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
11
3
Zartman Ko experiment
Experimental verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
1
Stern-Zartman experiment (1920)
Zartman Ko experiment
Application of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Experimental verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Quantum statistics
Maxwell-Boltzmann vs Bose-Einstein vs Fermi-Diract statisics
1
3
Bose-Einstein statistics (BE statistics)
Quantum statistics
Fermi-Dirac statistics (FD statistics)
Quantum statistics
1
Quantum statistical mechanics
Fermi-Dirac statistics
Thermodynamics
Statistical physics
540
36
Boltzmann constant (
k
B
,
1
.
3
8
×
1
0
−
2
3
)
Thermodynamics
Equipartition theorem
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic potential
Thermodynamics
48
4
Enthalpy (
H
)
Thermodynamic potential
Gibbs free energy (
G
)
Thermodynamic potential
2
Chemical equilibrium
Gibbs free energy
Reversible reaction
Gibbs free energy
Equation of state
Thermodynamics
2
Ideal gas law
Equation of state
1
Monatomic gas
Ideal gas law
Entropy
Thermodynamics
55
7
Clausius entropy
Entropy
1
Carnot cycle
Clausius entropy
Second law of thermodynamics
Entropy
50
4
Time reversibility
Second law of thermodynamics
3
Arrow of time
Time reversibility
Time reversibility of classical mechanics
Time reversibility
Time reversibility of gravity
Time reversibility
Phase (matter)
Thermodynamics
46
3
Phase transition
Phase
2
Phase diagram
Phase transition
Second-order phase transition
Phase transition
Refrigerator
Thermodynamics
1
4
Dilution refrigerator
Refrigerator
1
3
Cryogen-free dilution refrigerator
Dilution refrigerator
Dilution refrigerator manufacturer
Dilution refrigerator
1
Bluefors
Dilution refrigerator manufacturer
Temperature
Thermodynamics
3
Kelvin
Temperature
Thermometer
Temperature
1
Mercury-in-glass thermometer
Thermometer
Vacuum
Thermodynamics
4
Vacuum engineering
Vacuum
3
Vacuum vendor
Vacuum engineering
1
Edwards Vacuum (1919)
Vacuum vendor
Ultra-high vacuum (UVH, 100 nPA)
Vacuum engineering
Mechanics
Physics
2k
76
Angular momentum
Mechanics
1
Precession
Angular momentum
Axle
Mechanics
Classical mechanics
Mechanics
53
3
Classical physics
Classical mechanics
9
2
Classical limit
Classical physics
1
Correspondence principle
Classical limit
Continuum mechanics
Mechanics
7
8
Continuity equation
Continuum mechanics
Diffusion
Continuum mechanics
1
Fick's laws of diffusion
Diffusion
Fluid mechanics
Continuum mechanics
7
4
Fluid dynamics
Fluid mechanics
Gravity wave
Fluid mechanics
Navier-Stokes equations
Fluid mechanics
1
Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness
Navier-Stokes equations
Lagrangian mechanics
Mechanics
938
21
Lagrangian mechanics lectures by Michel van Biezen (2017)
Lagrangian mechanics
Action (physics)
Lagrangian mechanics
484
5
Stationary action principle
Action
460
4
Calculus of variations
Stationary action principle
20
3
Functional
Calculus of variations
Euler-Lagrange equation
Calculus of variations
1
Equations of motion
Euler-Lagrange equation
Lagrangian
Lagrangian mechanics
241
3
Lagrangian (field theory)
Lagrangian
1
Lagrangian density
Lagrangian (field theory)
Generalized coordinate
Lagrangian
Noether's theorem
Lagrangian mechanics
1
Time invariance implies energy conservation
Noether's theorem
Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Lagrangian mechanics
Hamiltonian mechanics
Lagrangian mechanics
4
Lagrangian vs Hamiltonian
Hamiltonian mechanics
Phase space coordinate
Hamiltonian mechanics
Hamilton's equations
Hamiltonian mechanics
Poisson bracket
Hamiltonian mechanics
Equivalence between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms
Lagrangian mechanics
1
Legendre transformation
Equivalence between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms
Mechanics problem
Mechanics
21
13
Atwood machine
Mechanics problem
1
Compound Atwood machine
Atwood machine
Elastic collision
Mechanics problem
Harmonic oscillator
Mechanics problem
2
Spring-mass system
Harmonic oscillator
Coupled oscillators
Harmonic oscillator
Pendulum
Mechanics problem
2
Double pendulum
Pendulum
Spherical pendulum
Pendulum
Two-body problem
Mechanics problem
Continuous mechanics problem
Mechanics problem
2
Mechanical resonance
Continuous mechanics problem
1
Tuning fork
Mechanical resonance
Mechanics vendor
Mechanics
1
Rolls-Royce
Mechanics vendor
Newton's laws of motion
Mechanics
2
Force
Newton's laws of motion
Mass
Newton's laws of motion
Point particle
Mechanics
331
18
Rigid body
Point particle
331
17
Rigid body dynamics
Rigid body
331
16
Rigid body dynamics simulator
Rigid body dynamics
1
Rigid body dynamics acceleration
Rigid body dynamics simulator
2D rigid body dynamics simulator
Rigid body dynamics
1
Box2D
2D rigid body dynamics simulator
3D rigid body dynamics
Rigid body dynamics
317
11
3D rigid body dynamics simulator
3D rigid body dynamics
239
8
Bullet Physics
3D rigid body dynamics simulator
3
Bullet Physics parallel execution
Bullet Physics
pyBullet
Bullet Physics
Erwin Coumans (Bullet Physics main author)
Bullet Physics
MuJoCo (2015-)
3D rigid body dynamics simulator
2
MuJoCo getting started
MuJoCo
MJCF
MuJoCo
PhysX
3D rigid body dynamics simulator
3D rigid body dynamics benchmark
3D rigid body dynamics
1
SimBenchmark
3D rigid body dynamics benchmark
Computational physics
Physics
119
8
Computational chemistry
Computational physics
29
7
Quantum chemistry
Computational chemistry
4
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Quantum chemistry
Quantum chemistry software
Quantum chemistry
2
PySCF
Quantum chemistry software
Psi4
Quantum chemistry software
Quantum computing computational chemistry algorithms
Computational chemistry
1
IBM 2017 beryllium hydride ground state calculation on a quantum computer
Quantum computing computational chemistry algorithms
Physics conference
Physics
66
5
Solvay Conference (1911)
Physics conference
2
First Solvay Conference (1911)
Solvay Conference
Fifth Solvay Conference (1927)
Solvay Conference
Shelter Island Conference (1947)
Physics conference
1
Pocono conference (1948)
Shelter Island Conference
Physicist
Physics
2k
120
Abraham Pais
Physicist
1
Book by Abraham Pais
Abraham Pais
Alain Aspect
Physicist
Albert Einstein
Physicist
7
5
Annus Mirabilis papers (1905)
Albert Einstein
2
Investigations on the theory of the Brownian movement by Einstein (1905)
Annus Mirabilis papers
On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light by Einstein (1905)
Annus Mirabilis papers
Work about Einstein
Albert Einstein
1
Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) (Albert Einstein biography)
Work about Einstein
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827)
Physicist
Barton Zwiebach
Physicist
Brian Josephson
Physicist
1
Paper by Brian Josephson
Brian Josephson
Carl David Anderson
Physicist
Carl Sagan
Physicist
2
Work by Carl Sagan
Carl Sagan
We Are Made of Star-Stuff
Carl Sagan
David Tong
Physicist
Edward Witten
Physicist
Edward Teller
Physicist
Enrico Fermi (1901-1954)
Physicist
18
4
Adolfo Amidei
Enrico Fermi
Work about Enrico Fermi
Enrico Fermi
2
Enrico Fermi: physicist by Emilio Segrè (1970)
Work about Enrico Fermi
The World Of Enrico Fermi by Harvard Project Physics (1970)
Work about Enrico Fermi
Ernest Lawrence
Physicist
Ernest Rutherford
Physicist
Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
Physicist
247
3
Paper by Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Schrödinger
32
2
Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem (1926, by Schrödinger)
Paper by Erwin Schrödinger
1
Collected Papers On Wave Mechanics by Deans (1928)
Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem
Ettore Majorana
Physicist
1
Majorana fermion
Ettore Majorana
Freeman Dyson (1923-2020)
Physicist
2
Work by Freeman Dyson
Freeman Dyson
Freeman Dyson Web of Stories interview (1998)
Freeman Dyson
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Physicist
Hans Bethe
Physicist
Heinrich Hertz
Physicist
Henri Becquerel (1852-1908)
Physicist
Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)
Physicist
18
2
Publication by Hermann Weyl
Hermann Weyl
1
Gravity and electricity by Hermann Weyl (1918) (Gravitation und Elektrizität)
Publication by Hermann Weyl
Isaac Newton
Physicist
Leo Szilard (1898-1964)
Physicist
Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898-1988)
Physicist
Jakob Schwichtenberg
Physicist
2
Physics from Symmetry by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2015)
Jakob Schwichtenberg
Physics Travel Guide
Jakob Schwichtenberg
James Clerk Maxwell
Physicist
Jean Baptiste Perrin
Physicist
1
Work by Jean Perrin
Jean Baptiste Perrin
J. J. Thomson
Physicist
John Archibald Wheeler
Physicist
John Bardeen
Physicist
1
True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen (2002)
John Bardeen
John C. Baez
Physicist
John von Neumann
Physicist
John Rowell
Physicist
Julian Schwinger
Physicist
Karl Guthe Jansky
Physicist
Leonard Susskind
Physicist
1
Lectures by Leonard Susskind
Leonard Susskind
Louis de Broglie
Physicist
Lord Kelvin
Physicist
1
Nineteen Century Clouds by Lord Kelvin (1901)
Lord Kelvin
Luboš Motl
Physicist
1
Feud between Sabine Hossenfelder and Luboš Motl
Luboš Motl
Ludwig Boltzmann
Physicist
Marie Curie
Physicist
Michio Kaku
Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann
Physicist
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Physicist
42
6
Work by Max Planck
Max Planck
27
5
Scientific autobiography by Max Planck (1948)
Work by Max Planck
16
2
Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers by Max Planck translated by Frank Gaynor (1949)
Scientific autobiography by Max Planck (1948)
1
Scientific Autobiography by Max Planck translated by Frank Gaynor (1949)
Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers by Max Planck translated by Frank Gaynor (1949)
Paper by Max Planck
Work by Max Planck
1
On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum (1900)
Paper by Max Planck
Max von Laue (1879-1960)
Physicist
Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
Physicist
Pascual Jordan (1902-1980)
Physicist
Paul Dirac (1902-1984)
Physicist
Philip W. Anderson (1923-2020)
Physicist
Pieter Zeeman
Physicist
Polykarp Kusch
Physicist
Richard Feynman
Physicist
1k
18
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
5
Arline Greenbaum (Richard Feynman's first wife, 1919 - 1945-06-16)
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Infinity (1996 film, film about Feynman and his first wife Arline)
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Feynman was a huge womanizer during a certain period of his life
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Joan Feynman (Feynman's sister)
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman's drug use
Personal life of Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman's first seminar in 1941
Richard Feynman
Quote by Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
1
What I cannot create, I do not understand
Quote by Richard Feynman
Work by Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
1
Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamic by Richard Feynman (1949)
Work by Richard Feynman
Works about Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman
170
6
Genius: Richard Feynman and Modern Physics by James Gleick (1994)
Works about Richard Feynman
Los Alamos From Below by Richard Feynman (1975)
Works about Richard Feynman
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman
Works about Richard Feynman
88
3
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman chapter O Americano, Outra Vez!
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman chapter Alfred Nobel's Other Mistake
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman
1
Rich people who create charitable prizes are often crooked
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman chapter Alfred Nobel's Other Mistake
Sean M. Carroll
Physicist
2
The Purpose of Harvard is Not to Educate People by Sean Carroll (2008)
Sean M. Carroll
How To Get Tenure at a Major Research University by Sean Carroll (2011)
Sean M. Carroll
Stephen Hawking
Physicist
Steven H. Simon
Physicist
Sylvain Poirier
Physicist
1
settheory.net
Sylvain Poirier
Tobias J. Osborne
Physicist
Victor Francis Hess
Physicist
Walter Houser Brattain
Physicist
Werner Heisenberg
Physicist
1
Paper by Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg
William Shockley (1910-1989)
Physicist
Willis Lamb (1913-2008)
Physicist
Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958)
Physicist
Physics gossip
Physics
Unsolved physics problem
Physics
Physics bibliography
Physics
211
20
Theoretical Physics Reference by Ondrej Certík (certik/theoretical-physics)
Physics bibliography
Physics YouTube channel
Physics bibliography
15
11
Faculty of Khan
Physics YouTube channel
Looking Glass Universe
Physics YouTube channel
Ludic Science
Physics YouTube channel
minutephysics
Physics YouTube channel
Physics Explained
Physics YouTube channel
ScienceClic
Physics YouTube channel
Steve Mould
Physics YouTube channel
The Science Asylum
Physics YouTube channel
1
Nick Lucid
The Science Asylum
UCSB Physics Lecture Demonstrations
Physics YouTube channel
Veritasium
Physics YouTube channel
Physics journal
Physics bibliography
6
Physics Letters (1962-1966)
Physics journal
2
Physics Letters A
Physics Letters
Physics Letters B
Physics Letters
Physical Review (1893-)
Physics journal
Physical Review Letters (1958-)
Physics journal
1
Physical Review Letters article
Physical Review Letters
Chemistry
Natural science
2k
206
Atom
Chemistry
533
11
History of the atomic theory
Atom
1
Les Atomes by Jean Perrin (1913)
History of the atomic theory
Atomic theory evidence
Atom
2
Isomers suggest that atoms exist (1874)
Atomic theory evidence
Brownian motion (1785 or 1827)
Atomic theory evidence
Ion
Atom
Mole (unit)
Atom
Model of the atom
Atom
68
3
Bohr model (1913)
Model of the atom
2
Quantum jump
Bohr model
Bohr-Sommerfeld model (1916)
Bohr model
Analytical chemistry
Chemistry
24
2
Gas chromatography (GC)
Analytical chemistry
1
Gas chromatography etymology
Gas chromatography
Chemist
Chemistry
3
Alfred Nobel
Chemist
Johann Joseph Loschmidt
Chemist
Wilhelm Ostwald
Chemist
Chemical element
Chemistry
683
107
Hydrogen (H, 1)
Chemical element
52
10
Water
Hydrogen
2
Ice
Water
1
Snow
Ice
Isotope of hydrogen
Hydrogen
30
6
Protium (
1
H, stable, 99.98%)
Isotope of hydrogen
Deuterium (
2
H, stable, 0.02%)
Isotope of hydrogen
3
Heavy water
Deuterium
2
Semiheavy water
Heavy water
Girdler sulfide process
Heavy water
Tritium (
3
H, 12 y)
Isotope of hydrogen
Helium (He, 2)
Chemical element
74
6
Helium-3
Helium
Helium-4
Helium
Liquid helium (4.2 K)
Helium
74
3
Superfluid helium
Liquid helium
2
Superfluid helium-3 (observed 1972)
Superfluid helium
Superfluid helium-4
Superfluid helium
Boron (B, 5)
Chemical element
Carbon (C, 6)
Chemical element
100
20
Carbon isotope
Carbon
5
Carbon-12 (stable, 99%)
Carbon isotope
Carbon-13 (stable, 1%)
Carbon isotope
Carbon-14 (5 ky)
Carbon isotope
2
Radiocarbon dating
Carbon-14
1
Before Present
Radiocarbon dating
Carbon compound
Carbon
100
13
Allotrope of carbon
Carbon compound
11
6
Diamond
Allotrope of carbon
Fullerene
Allotrope of carbon
1
Endohedral fullerene
Fullerene
Graphite
Allotrope of carbon
2
Nuclear graphite
Graphite
Graphene
Graphite
Carbonate (
C
O
3
2
−
)
Carbon compound
5
Calcium carbonate (
C
a
C
O
3
)
Carbonate
4
Calcium carbonate polymorph
Calcium carbonate
3
Calcite
Calcium carbonate polymorph
Aragonite (1797)
Calcium carbonate polymorph
Vaterite
Calcium carbonate polymorph
Nitrogen (N, 7)
Chemical element
3
Liquid nitrogen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen compound
Nitrogen
1
Ammonium
Nitrogen compound
Oxygen (O, 8)
Chemical element
1
Quartz (
S
i
O
2
)
Oxygen
Neon (Ne, 10)
Chemical element
Sodium (Na, 11)
Chemical element
1
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Sodium
Aluminium (Al, 13)
Chemical element
1
Superconducting temperature of aluminum (1.2 kelvin)
Aluminium
Silicon (Si, 14)
Chemical element
Phosphorus (P, 15, 3s2 3d3)
Chemical element
2
Why phosphorus has multiple valencies?
Phosphorus
Phosphate (
P
O
4
3
−
)
Phosphorus
Sulfur (S, 16)
Chemical element
26
2
Sulfur compound
Sulfur
1
Sulfur hydrade (
H
2
O
)
Sulfur compound
Argon (Ar, 18)
Chemical element
Potassium (K, 19,
4
s
1
)
Chemical element
Calcium (Ca, 20,
4
s
2
)
Chemical element
Titanium (Ti, 22)
Chemical element
2
Titanium compound
Titanium
1
Niobium-Titanium
Titanium compound
Chromium (Cr, 24)
Chemical element
Iron (Fe, 26)
Chemical element
2
Fe-C
Iron
Steel (Fe-C)
Iron
Gallium (Ga, 31)
Chemical element
99
3
Gallium compound
Gallium
82
2
Gallium arsenide
Gallium compound
1
Gallium arsenide vs silicon
Gallium arsenide
Germanium (Ge, 32)
Chemical element
Arsenide (As, 33)
Chemical element
1
Arsenide compound
Arsenide
Selenium (Se, 34)
Chemical element
Bromine (Br, 35, 4s2 4p5)
Chemical element
3
Bromide (
B
r
−
)
Bromine
2
Organic bromide compound
Bromide
1
Ethidium bromide
Organic bromide compound
Niobium (Nb, 41)
Chemical element
2
Niobium compound
Niobium
Niobium-tin
Niobium
Silver (Ag, 47, 4d10 5s1)
Chemical element
Cadmium (Ca, 48)
Chemical element
Tin (Sn, 50, Stannum)
Chemical element
1
Tin compound
Tin
Caesium (Cs, 55,
6
s
1
)
Chemical element
9
3
Caesium-133 (stable)
Caesium
Caesium-137 (radioactive)
Caesium
1
Goiânia accident (1987)
Caesium-137
Ytterbium (Yb, 60,
4
d
1
)
Chemical element
Gold (Au, 79)
Chemical element
1
Gold leaf
Gold
Lead (Pb, 82)
Chemical element
Polonium (Po, 84)
Chemical element
10
2
Polonium isotope
Polonium
1
Polonium-210 (140d)
Polonium isotope
Radium (Ra, 88)
Chemical element
Uranium (U, 92)
Chemical element
6
Uranium vs plutonium Quora answer by Ciro Santilli
Uranium
Uranium isotope
Uranium
3
Uranium-235 (4 Gy, 700 My)
Uranium isotope
Uranium-238 (4 Gy)
Uranium isotope
1
Uranium 238 decay chain
Uranium-238
Enriched uranium
Uranium
Plutonium (Pu, 94)
Chemical element
Chemical substance
Chemistry
67
44
Chemical compound
Chemical substance
67
43
Chemical explosive
Chemical compound
2
Gunpowder
Chemical explosive
Dynamite
Chemical explosive
Intermetallic
Chemical compound
Ionic compound
Chemical compound
1
Salt (chemistry)
Ionic compound
Homonuclear molecule
Chemical compound
1
Allotrope
Homonuclear molecule
Nutrient
Chemical compound
35
21
Carbohydrate
Nutrient
18
7
Carbohydrate loading
Carbohydrate
Sugar
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrate
2
Glucose
Monosaccharide
Fructose
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Carbohydrate
1
Sucrose
Disaccharide
Fatty acid
Nutrient
1
Essential fatty acid
Fatty acid
Human essential fatty acid
Nutrient
Essential nutrient
Nutrient
9
Human essential nutrient
Essential nutrient
Essential amino acid
Essential nutrient
1
Human essential amino acid
Essential amino acid
Mineral (nutrient)
Essential nutrient
1
Human mineral
Mineral
Vitamin
Essential nutrient
3
Human vitamin
Vitamin
2
B vitamin
Human vitamin
Vitamin C
Human vitamin
Organic compound
Chemical compound
5
Organic compound identification
Organic compound
Methane (
C
H
4
)
Organic compound
Ethanol (C
2
H
6
O)
Organic compound
Capsaicin
Organic compound
Nitroglycerin
Organic compound
Poison
Chemical compound
6
Chemical weapon
Poison
Blood agent
Poison
1
Hydrogen cyanide
Blood agent
Nerve agent
Poison
2
Sarin (1938)
Nerve agent
VX (nerve agent, 1952)
Nerve agent
Organic chemistry
Chemistry
58
5
Biochemistry
Organic chemistry
58
4
Biochemist
Biochemistry
3
Frederick Sanger
Biochemist
Peter D. Mitchell
Biochemist
1
Ox Phos wars
Peter D. Mitchell
Chemical company
Chemistry
1
DuPont
Chemical company
Chemical reaction
Chemistry
77
12
Reaction rate
Chemical reaction
3
Activation energy
Reaction rate
Catalysis
Reaction rate
1
Electrolysis
Catalysis
Total synthesis
Chemical reaction
2
Semisynthesis
Total synthesis
Cell-free protein synthesis
Total synthesis
Chemical process design
Chemical reaction
21
3
Chemical process design software
Chemical process design
1
Aspen HYSYS
Chemical process design software
Retrosynthetic analysis
Chemical process design
Entropy of a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
Electrochemistry
Chemistry
97
4
Electric battery
Electrochemistry
3
Available battery voltages
Electric battery
Nine-volt battery
Electric battery
Weston cell
Electric battery
NFPA 704
Chemistry
1
How can a chemical substance be unstable but not flammable?
NFPA 704
pH
Chemistry
1
pH strip
pH
Periodic table
Chemistry
1
Nobel gas
Periodic table
Chemistry bibliography
Chemistry
1
Periodic Videos
Chemistry bibliography
Biology
Natural science
20k
976
Level of organization of bodies
Biology
10k
565
Cell
Level of organization of bodies
1k
98
Cell biology (field)
Cell
Cell culture
Cell
2
Growth medium
Cell culture
1
Minimal growth medium
Growth medium
Cell cycle
Cell
91
5
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
1
Apoptosis is largely regulated by mitochondria
Apoptosis
Cell division
Cell cycle
Meiosis
Cell cycle
Mitosis
Cell cycle
Cell type
Cell
36
8
Cell lineage
Cell type
23
4
Germ layer
Cell lineage
Embryonics
Cell lineage
23
2
Embryonics by species
Embryonics
1
Human embryonics
Embryonics by species
Cellular differentiation
Cell type
Stem cell
Cell type
1
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Stem cell
Cell structure
Cell
1k
69
Cellular compartment
Cell structure
Cell membrane
Cell structure
1
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Organelle
Cell structure
1k
65
Cell nucleus
Organelle
Cell projection
Organelle
Cytoplasm
Organelle
Cytoskeleton
Organelle
3
Microfilaments
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
Organelle
Flagellum
Organelle
Golgi complex
Organelle
Mitochondrion
Organelle
643
32
Mitochondrial endosymbiosis
Mitochondrion
2
Parsitic hypothesis of mitochondrial endosymbiosis
Mitochondrial endosymbiosis
Hydrogen hypothesis
Mitochondrial endosymbiosis
Eukaryote without mitochondria
Mitochondrion
1
There are no known eukaryotes which never had mitochondria
Eukaryote without mitochondria
Structure of the mitochondria
Mitochondrion
4
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Structure of the mitochondria
Mitochondrial matrix
Structure of the mitochondria
Intermembrane space
Structure of the mitochondria
Outer mitochondrial membrane
Structure of the mitochondria
Mitochondria are only inherited from the mother
Mitochondrion
1
Sperm contains mitochondria
Mitochondria are only inherited from the mother
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrion
209
5
Key mitochondrial proteins aren't necessarily in mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA
4
Mitochondrial protein import
Key mitochondrial proteins aren't necessarily in mtDNA
Mitochondria have DNA because they need to be controlled individually
Key mitochondrial proteins aren't necessarily in mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA mutates faster than nuclear DNA
Key mitochondrial proteins aren't necessarily in mtDNA
Human mitochondrion
Key mitochondrial proteins aren't necessarily in mtDNA
Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006)
Mitochondrion
Cellular respiration
Mitochondrion
164
12
Cellular respiration protein
Cellular respiration
81
3
Mitochondrial carrier
Cellular respiration protein
2
Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein (Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial)
Mitochondrial carrier
Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT)
Mitochondrial carrier
Citric acid cycle
Cellular respiration
1
Electron transport chain
Citric acid cycle
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate
Cellular respiration
63
4
ATP synthesis mechanism
Adenosine triphosphate
3
Fermentation
ATP synthesis mechanism
ATP synthase (ANT)
ATP synthesis mechanism
1
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase
Ribosome
Organelle
18
18
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosome
Translation (biology)
Ribosome
4
Elongation factor
Translation
2
Prokaryotic elongation factor
Elongation factor
1
EF-Tu
Prokaryotic elongation factor
Transfer RNA
Translation
Structure of the ribosome
Ribosome
11
Ribosome large subunit
Structure of the ribosome
Ribosome small subunit
Structure of the ribosome
Prokaryotic ribosome
Structure of the ribosome
5
Prokaryotic small ribosome subunit
Prokaryotic ribosome
1
16S ribosomal RNA
Prokaryotic small ribosome subunit
Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit
Prokaryotic ribosome
2
5S ribosomal RNA
Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit
23S ribosomal RNA
Prokaryotic large ribosome subunit
Eukaryotic ribosome
Structure of the ribosome
2
Eukaryotic small ribosome subunit
Eukaryotic ribosome
Eukaryotic large ribosome subunit
Eukaryotic ribosome
Prokaryotic cell organelle
Organelle
2
Nucleoid
Prokaryotic cell organelle
Pilus
Prokaryotic cell organelle
Endocytosis
Cell
1
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis
Immortalised cell line
Cell
Endosymbiont
Cell
Single cell analysis
Cell
4
Whole cell simulation
Single cell analysis
Single cell sequencing
Single cell analysis
Single cell visualization
Single cell analysis
1
Vitessce
Single cell visualization
Molecular biology
Level of organization of bodies
6k
258
Aging
Molecular biology
2
Free radical theory of aging
Aging
1
Free radical
Free radical theory of aging
Central dogma of molecular biology
Molecular biology
DNA
Molecular biology
5k
153
Chromosome
DNA
30
11
Chromosomal crossover
Chromosome
Circular chromosome
Chromosome
X chromosome
Chromosome
3
X-inactivation
X chromosome
Sex determination system
X chromosome
1
XY sex-determination system
Sex determination system
Nucleosome
Chromosome
1
Histone
Nucleosome
Plasmid
Chromosome
Telomere
Chromosome
1
Hayflick limit
Telomere
DNA detection
DNA
DNA amplification
DNA
242
4
Polymerase chain reaction
DNA amplification
56
3
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction
Isothermal DNA amplification techniques
Polymerase chain reaction
1
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Isothermal DNA amplification techniques
DNA profiling
DNA
1
Variable number tandem repeat
DNA profiling
DNA replication
DNA
1
Origin of replication (oriC)
DNA replication
DNA repair
DNA
DNA sequencing
DNA
4k
48
DNA sequencing milestone
DNA sequencing
Base calling
DNA sequencing
DNA microarray
DNA sequencing
Metagenomics
DNA sequencing
Short-read DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing
1
Long-read DNA sequencing
Short-read DNA sequencing
RNA-Seq
DNA sequencing
1
Gene expression profiling
RNA-Seq
Whole-genome sequencing
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing company
DNA sequencing
3k
38
Illumina
DNA sequencing company
2
Bridge amplification
Illumina
Solexa
Illumina
Oxford Nanopore Technologies
DNA sequencing company
3k
34
Oxford Nanopore Technologies product
Oxford Nanopore Technologies
3k
33
PromethION
Oxford Nanopore Technologies product
Oxford Nanopore MinION
Oxford Nanopore Technologies product
3k
31
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
Oxford Nanopore MinION
1k
30
1. Experiment background
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
2. Overview of the experiment
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
1
2.1. Why Oxford Nanopore was used instead of Illumina for the sequencing
Overview of the experiment
3. Sample collection
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
4. DNA extraction
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
2
4.1. Filtration with vacuum pump
DNA extraction
4.2. Post filtration purification
DNA extraction
5. PCR
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
1
5.1. PCR verification with gel electrophoresis
PCR
6. Sequencing
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
2
6.1. Pre-sequencing preparation
Sequencing
6.2. Using the Oxford Nanopore
Sequencing
7. Bioinformatics
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
8. Conclusions
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
9. Protocols used
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
3
9.1. Qiagen DNeasy PowerWater Kit
Protocols used
9.2. Qiagen QIAquick PCR Purification Kit
Protocols used
9.3. Oxford Nanopore SQK-LSK109 Ligation Sequencing Kit
Protocols used
10. Equipment used
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
10
10.1. Thermo Scientific Nalgene Polysulfone Reusable Bottle Top Filters
Equipment used
10.2. KNF Laboport series laboratory vacuum pump
Equipment used
10.3. Scientific Industries Inc. Vortex-Genie 2
Equipment used
10.4. VWR Micro Star 17 microcentrifuge
Equipment used
10.5. VELP Scientifica WIZARD IR Infrared Vortex Mixer
Equipment used
10.6. Marshal Scientific MJ Research PTC-200 Thermal Cycler
Equipment used
10.7. GE MagRack 6
Equipment used
10.8. BTLab Systems Mini Centrifuge
Equipment used
10.9. Fisher Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator
Equipment used
10.10. Biochrom SimpliNano spectrophotometer
Equipment used
11. External links to this page
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it
De novo DNA synthesis
DNA
96
11
De novo DNA synthesis company
De novo DNA synthesis
3
AnsaBio (2018-)
De novo DNA synthesis company
Camena Bioscience (2016-)
De novo DNA synthesis company
Touchlight Genetics (2007-)
De novo DNA synthesis company
Artificial gene synthesis
De novo DNA synthesis
1
Artificial chromosome
Artificial gene synthesis
Species bootstrapping from DNA
De novo DNA synthesis
4
Synthetic chromosome
Species bootstrapping from DNA
Synthetic virus
Species bootstrapping from DNA
Genome Project-Write
Species bootstrapping from DNA
Yeast artificial chromosome
Species bootstrapping from DNA
Epigenetics
DNA
62
5
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
3
History of DNA methylation research
DNA methylation
Adenine methylation
DNA methylation
Bisulfite sequencing
DNA methylation
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
RNA
DNA
161
17
Messenger RNA
RNA
1
Alternative splicing
Messenger RNA
RNA secondary structure
RNA
1
RNA half-life prediction
RNA secondary structure
Transcription (biology, DNA to RNA)
RNA
125
11
Post-transcriptional modification
Transcription
Promoter (genetics)
Transcription
1
Transcriptional regulation
Promoter
RNA polymerase
Transcription
1
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Operon
Transcription
3
Transcription unit
Operon
Operon vs transcription unit
Operon
Polycistronic mRNA
Operon
Transcription factor
Transcription
1
Intrinsic termination
Transcription factor
Type of RNA
RNA
Nucleotide
DNA
19
6
Nucleobase
Nucleotide
16
5
Adenine (A, Ade)
Nucleobase
Cytosine (C, Cyt)
Nucleobase
Thymine (T, Thy)
Nucleobase
Uracil (U, Ura)
Nucleobase
1
Uracil vs thymine
Uracil
Base pair (bp)
DNA
Genetic code
DNA
48
6
Reading frame
Genetic code
11
2
Open reading frame (orf)
Reading frame
1
NCBI open reading frame tool
Open reading frame
Codon
Genetic code
2
Start codon
Codon
Stop codon
Codon
DNA paternity testing
DNA
Genetics
DNA
493
13
Genetics company
Genetics
1
23andMe
Genetics company
Population genetics
Genetics
Evolutionary genetics
Genetics
119
2
DNA replication is a key limiting factor of bacterial replication time
Evolutionary genetics
1
It is hard for complex organisms to evolve because longer DNA means longer replication time
DNA replication is a key limiting factor of bacterial replication time
Comparative genomics
Genetics
43
4
Parasites tend to have smaller DNAs
Comparative genomics
Homology (biology)
Comparative genomics
2
Ortholog
Homology
Paralog
Homology
Phenotype
Genetics
Transposable element
Genetics
Gene
DNA
8
3
Genome
Gene
1
Genomics
Genome
Non-coding DNA
Gene
Mutation
DNA
5
Mutagen
Mutation
DNA mutation type
Mutation
2
Indel
DNA mutation type
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
DNA mutation type
Slipped strand mispairing
Mutation
Horizontal gene transfer
DNA
4
Transduction (genetics, DNA insertion with viral vector)
Horizontal gene transfer
Transformation (genetics)
Horizontal gene transfer
2
Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment
Transformation
Transfection (Eukaryotic transformation)
Transformation
Protein
Molecular biology
335
59
Amino acid
Protein
35
13
D and L amino acids
Amino acid
2
L-Amino acid
D and L amino acids
D-Amino acid
D and L amino acids
Proteinogenic amino acid
Amino acid
9
Alanine (A, Ala)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Arginine (R, Arg)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Cysteine (C, Cys)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Isoleucine (I, Ile)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Glutamine (Q, Gln)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Phenylalanine (F, Phe)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Selenocysteine (U, Sec)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Threonine (T, Thr)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Valine (V, Val)
Proteinogenic amino acid
Protein degradation
Protein
Protein folding
Protein
7
12
Protein structure level
Protein folding
7
7
Primary structure
Protein structure level
Secondary structure
Protein structure level
Tertiary structure
Protein structure level
Quaternary structure
Protein structure level
7
3
Protein complex
Quaternary structure
2
Protein dimer
Protein complex
Homodimer
Protein complex
Computational protein folding
Protein folding
3
Computational protein folding implementation
Computational protein folding
1
AlphaFold
Computational protein folding implementation
Protein folding problem
Computational protein folding
Protein of unknown function
Protein
Proteome
Protein
1
Proteomics
Proteome
Type of protein
Protein
44
15
Enzyme
Type of protein
8
Active site
Enzyme
Cofactor (biochemistry)
Enzyme
1
NADP+
Cofactor
DNA polymerase
Enzyme
1
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
DNA polymerase
Enzyme inhibitor
Enzyme
Protease
Enzyme
Restriction enzyme
Enzyme
Glycoprotein
Type of protein
1
Peptidoglycan
Glycoprotein
Polyprotein
Type of protein
Receptor (biochemistry)
Type of protein
Transmembrane protein
Type of protein
1
Transmembrane domain
Transmembrane protein
Peptide
Protein
List of proteins
Protein
120
10
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS)
List of proteins
Lysozyme
List of proteins
26
3
Lysozyme structure resolution (1965)
Lysozyme
2
Structure of Hen Egg-White Lysozyme: A Three-dimensional Fourier Synthesis at 2 Å Resolution (1965)
Lysozyme structure resolution (1965)
Structure of Some Crystalline Lysozyme-Inhibitor Complexes Determined by X-Ray Analysis At 6 Å Resolution (1965)
Lysozyme structure resolution (1965)
Oxygen transport protein
List of proteins
16
4
Hemoglobin
Oxygen transport protein
Myoglobin
Oxygen transport protein
6
2
Myoglobin structure resolution (1958)
Myoglobin
1
A Three-Dimensional Model of the Myoglobin Molecule Obtained by X-Ray Analysis (1958)
Myoglobin structure resolution (1958)
Metabolism
Molecular biology
82
14
Excretion
Metabolism
4
Feces
Excretion
2
Flatulence
Feces
Bullshit
Feces
Urine
Excretion
Flux balance analysis
Metabolism
Metabolite
Metabolism
Metabolome
Metabolism
1
Metabolomics
Metabolome
Metabolic pathway
Metabolism
4
KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)
Metabolic pathway
Roche Biochemical Pathways
Metabolic pathway
Synthetic biological circuit
Metabolic pathway
CIDARLAB/cello
Metabolic pathway
Molecular biology technique
Molecular biology
245
24
Flow cytometry
Molecular biology technique
2
Mass cytometry
Flow cytometry
Cell sorting
Flow cytometry
Fluorescent protein
Molecular biology technique
79
5
Fluorescent tag
Fluorescent protein
4
2
Protein tag
Fluorescent tag
1
GFP tagging
Protein tag
List of fluorescent proteins
Fluorescent protein
1
Green fluorescent protein (GFP)
List of fluorescent proteins
Staining
Molecular biology technique
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Molecular biology technique
82
13
Gel electrophoresis
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
23
3
Gel electrophoresis alelle determination
Gel electrophoresis
Limits of gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis
1
Gel electrophoresis separation of SNPs
Limits of gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Microtome
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Petri dish
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Laboratory centrifuge
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
1
Eppendorf tube
Laboratory centrifuge
Microplate
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
1
96 well microplate
Microplate
Pipette
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Sonicator
Molecular biology laboratory equipment
Tissue (biology)
Level of organization of bodies
2
Histology
Tissue
1
Fixation (histology)
Histology
Organ (anatomy)
Level of organization of bodies
3k
169
Brain
Organ
2k
168
Braindumping
Brain
219
12
Brain scanning
Braindumping
Mind uploading
Braindumping
Personal knowledge base (PKB)
Braindumping
66
9
Personal knowledge instance
Personal knowledge base
Personal knowledge base software
Personal knowledge base
1
Project Xanadu
Personal knowledge base software
Second brain
Personal knowledge base
1
Exobrain
Second brain
Zettelkasten
Personal knowledge base
Digital garden
Personal knowledge base
List of personal knowledge base software
Personal knowledge base
1
Obsidian (software)
List of personal knowledge base software
Brain cell type
Brain
1
Grid cell (2005)
Brain cell type
Brain reading
Brain
Brain simulation
Brain
2
Brain-in-the-loop
Brain simulation
Animal-in-the-loop
Brain simulation
Connectome
Brain
4
Connectome scale
Connectome
Milimiter resolution connectome
Connectome
Microscopy connectome extraction
Connectome
Connectome by species
Connectome
Dream
Brain
Genius
Brain
472
9
Child prodigy
Genius
221
8
Ainan Celeste Cawley (1999-, Chemistry)
Child prodigy
2
Valentine Cawley (Ainan Cawley's father)
Ainan Celeste Cawley
Shahidah Cawley (Ainan Cawley's mother)
Ainan Celeste Cawley
Arran Fernandez (1995-, Mathematics)
Child prodigy
1
Neil Fernandez (Arran Fernandez' father)
Arran Fernandez
Ganesh Sittampalam (1979-)
Child prodigy
Ruth Lawrence (1971-)
Child prodigy
Stephen Wolfram (1959-)
Child prodigy
Nightmare
Brain
Brain by species
Brain
236
20
Drosophila brain
Brain by species
29
3
Drosophila connectome
Drosophila brain
2
Neurokernel
Drosophila connectome
Virtual Fly Brain
Drosophila connectome
Mouse brain (Mus musculus)
Brain by species
4
3
Allen Mouse Brain
Mouse brain
4
2
Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework
Allen Mouse Brain
1
CCFv3 (2023)
Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework
Human brain
Brain by species
70
11
Human brain connectome
Human brain
7
4
High level human brain structure
Human brain connectome
2
Brodmann area
High level human brain structure
Allen Adult Human Brain
High level human brain structure
Human Connectome Project
Human brain connectome
Number of neurons in the human brain (86B)
Human brain
Number of synapses in the human brain
Human brain
Human brain research project
Human brain
3
Allen brain atlas
Human brain research project
NextBrain atlas (2024)
Human brain research project
Human Brain Project (2013-2023)
Human brain research project
Psychology
Brain
979
100
Brainwashing
Psychology
Discrimination
Psychology
1
Misogyny
Discrimination
Emotion
Psychology
1
Nuclear blues
Emotion
Hedonic treadmill
Psychology
Mania
Psychology
1
Graphomania
Mania
Developmental disorder
Psychology
1
Autism
Developmental disorder
Economy
Psychology
816
68
Asset
Economy
6
Fungibility
Asset
Liquidity
Asset
1
Market liquidity
Liquidity
Tangible and intangible assets
Asset
2
Tangible asset
Tangible and intangible assets
Intangible asset
Tangible and intangible assets
Capital flight
Economy
Commodity
Economy
Economics
Economy
Economist
Economy
2
Ben Bernanke
Economist
Yanis Varoufakis
Economist
Free
Economy
Finance
Economy
362
22
Financial industry
Finance
115
5
Financial company
Financial industry
4
PayPal
Financial company
2
PayPal founder
PayPal
1
Peter Thiel
PayPal founder
TransferWise
Financial company
Investment thesis
Finance
Personal finance
Finance
4
All the financial advice you’ll ever need fits on a single index card
Personal finance
Finance guru
Personal finance
Independently wealthy
Personal finance
Passive income
Personal finance
Finance is a cancer of society
Finance
1
The Spiders' Web: Britain's Second Empire (2017)
Finance is a cancer of society
Bank
Finance
1
Challenger bank
Bank
Financial fraud
Finance
15
3
Rogue trader
Financial fraud
2
Nick Leeson
Rogue trader
1
Nick Leeson and the Fall of the House of Barings by Adam Curtis (1996)
Nick Leeson
High-frequency trading
Finance
1
High-frequency trading as a form of Nirvana
High-frequency trading
Financial crisis
Economy
11
6
Financial crisis of 2007-2008
Financial crisis
11
4
Film about the financial crisis of 2007-2008
Financial crisis of 2007-2008
3
Inside Job (2010)
Film about the financial crisis of 2007-2008
Margin Call (2011)
Film about the financial crisis of 2007-2008
The Big Short (2015)
Film about the financial crisis of 2007-2008
Dot-com bubble (2001)
Financial crisis
Income distribution
Economy
2
Lorenz curve
Income distribution
Wealth inequality
Income distribution
Inflation
Economy
70
2
Money creation
Inflation
1
Money creation vs tax
Money creation
Renting
Economy
Social inequality
Economy
4
Affirmative action
Social inequality
Equal opportunity
Social inequality
Meritocracy
Social inequality
Wealth distribution in the United States
Social inequality
Stock market
Economy
6
7
Market capitalization
Stock market
Equity (finance)
Stock market
Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
Stock market
Initial public offering
Stock market
1
Special-purpose acquisition company
Initial public offering
Open outrcy
Stock market
S&P 500
Stock market
Utility
Economy
1
Utility function
Utility
Work (human activity)
Economy
1
Modern work is evil
Work
Ethology
Psychology
1
Signaling theory
Ethology
Fetish
Psychology
Gossip
Psychology
Law of triviality
Psychology
Mental state
Psychology
Mind blown
Psychology
1
When you see it, you'll shit bricks
Mind blown
Personality
Psychology
4
Narcissism
Personality
Personality type
Personality
2
Myers-Briggs Type_Indicator
Personality type
Big Five personality traits
Personality type
Procrastination
Psychology
1
Yak shaving
Procrastination
Psychologist
Psychology
2
Carl Jung
Psychologist
Jordan Peterson
Psychologist
Survivorship bias
Psychology
Suicide
Psychology
Uncanny valley
Psychology
Intelligence
Brain
11
7
Animal intelligence
Intelligence
11
3
Animal intelligence by species
Animal intelligence
11
2
Crow intelligence
Animal intelligence by species
1
Crow intelligence experiment
Crow intelligence
Collective intelligence
Intelligence
2
Hive mind
Collective intelligence
Mindmeld
Collective intelligence
Brain biliography
Brain
1
How to Create a Mind (2012, Ray Kurzweil)
Brain biliography
System (anatomy)
Level of organization of bodies
100
33
List of anatomical systems
System
43
31
Circulatory system
List of anatomical systems
3
2
Blood
Circulatory system
1
Blood cell
Blood
Digestive system
List of anatomical systems
1
Eating
Digestive system
Endocrine system
List of anatomical systems
1
2
Crying
Endocrine system
1
Tearjerker
Crying
Immune system
List of anatomical systems
6
Inate and adaptative immune system
Immune system
3
Inate immune system
Inate and adaptative immune system
Adaptative immune system
Inate and adaptative immune system
1
Lymphocyte
Adaptative immune system
Immune response
Immune system
Inflammation
Immune system
Musculoskeletal system
List of anatomical systems
2
Bipedalism
Musculoskeletal system
Bone
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
List of anatomical systems
39
12
Neuroscience
Nervous system
1
Will we ever fully udnerstand the brain?
Neuroscience
Nervous system by species
Nervous system
3
C. elegans nervous system
Nervous system by species
Human nervous system
Nervous system by species
1
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Human nervous system
Neuron
Nervous system
16
3
Axon
Neuron
Neuron simulator
Neuron
1
Neuron (Software)
Neuron simulator
Spinal cord
Nervous system
1
Human spinal cord
Spinal cord
System by species
System
Systems biology
Biology
106
8
Molecular biology database
Systems biology
23
5
BioCyc
Molecular biology database
1
BioCyc promoter database
BioCyc
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Molecular biology database
1
GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
UniProt
Molecular biology database
Omics
Systems biology
1
Multiomics
Omics
Model organism
Biology
Biosensor
Biology
3
Hearing
Biosensor
2
Hearing range
Hearing
1
Human hearing range
Hearing range
Taxonomy
Biology
8k
279
Autothrophs and heterothrophs
Taxonomy
15
6
Autothroph
Autothrophs and heterothrophs
4
Chemosynthesis
Autothroph
2
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Hydrogen chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Autothroph
Heterotroph
Autothrophs and heterothrophs
Phylogenetics
Taxonomy
116
15
Last universal common ancestor
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic tree
Phylogenetics
3
Cladogram
Phylogenetic tree
Coral of life
Phylogenetic tree
OneZoom
Phylogenetic tree
Mono and paraphyly
Phylogenetics
22
5
Clade
Mono and paraphyly
1
Monophyly
Clade
Paraphyly
Mono and paraphyly
2
Paraphyletic subgroup
Paraphyly
Non-clade groups are evil
Paraphyly
Basal (phylogenetics)
Phylogenetics
Crown group
Phylogenetics
Polyphyly
Phylogenetics
1
Parallel evolution
Polyphyly
Taxonomy database
Taxonomy
Taxonomic rank
Taxonomy
5
Genus
Taxonomic rank
Domain (biology)
Taxonomic rank
Kingdom (biology)
Taxonomic rank
Phylum
Taxonomic rank
Class (biology)
Taxonomic rank
Aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Taxonomy
2
Aerobic organism
Aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Anaerobic organism
Aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Unicellular and multicellular organisms
Taxonomy
274
15
Unicellular organism
Unicellular and multicellular organisms
Multicellular organism
Unicellular and multicellular organisms
98
13
Developmental biology
Multicellular organism
23
5
Developmental genetics
Developmental biology
4
Developmental neurobiology
Developmental genetics
Homeobox gene
Developmental genetics
1
Hox gene
Homeobox gene
Regeneration (biology)
Developmental genetics
Chimera (genetics)
Multicellular organism
Germline and somatic cells
Multicellular organism
2
Germline
Germline and somatic cells
Somatic cell
Germline and somatic cells
The simplest multicellular species
Multicellular organism
Colony (biology)
Multicellular organism
Multicellularity is polyphyletic
Multicellular organism
Microorganism
Taxonomy
Prokaryote
Taxonomy
Species
Taxonomy
8k
227
Virus
Species
386
33
Virus classification
Virus
11
3
Bacteriophage
Virus classification
Baltimore classification
Virus classification
1
Positive-strand RNA virus
Baltimore classification
Coronavirus
Virus
294
21
Coronavirus Replication Cycle
Coronavirus
COVID-19
Coronavirus
134
19
Why it takes several days to enter inflammatory phase in COVID-19?
COVID-19
Why is COVID-19 so serious in some people but not in others?
COVID-19
Why is COVID-19 more serious than the flu?
COVID-19
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
COVID-19
90
15
Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SARS-CoV-2 cell entry
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SARS-CoV-2 gene
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
1
ORF1ab
SARS-CoV-2 gene
SARS-CoV-2 protein
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
58
10
SARS-CoV-2 structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 protein
4
SARS-CoV-2 E protein (envelope)
SARS-CoV-2 structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 M protein (membrane)
SARS-CoV-2 structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 S protein (spike)
SARS-CoV-2 structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 N protein
SARS-CoV-2 structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 protein
3
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3
SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5
SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12
SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein
SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein
SARS-CoV-2 protein
Dengue virus
Virus
Retrovirus
Virus
5
Integrase
Retrovirus
Reverse transcriptase
Retrovirus
HIV
Retrovirus
2
AIDS
HIV
HIV vaccine
HIV
Bacteria
Species
6k
66
Bacterial cellular morphogology
Bacteria
Bacterial cell structure
Bacteria
1
Bacterial cell wall
Bacterial cell structure
Bacterial conjugation (bacterial sex)
Bacteria
1
Origin of transfer
Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial genome
Bacteria
1
Bacterial chromosome is circular
Bacterial genome
Gram stain
Bacteria
13
4
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram stain
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram stain
6
2
Bacterial outer membrane
Gram-negative bacteria
1
Periplasm
Bacterial outer membrane
List of bacteria
Bacteria
6k
53
Escherichia coli
List of bacteria
5k
40
E. Coli replication time
Escherichia coli
E. Coli starts DNA replication before the previous one finished
Escherichia coli
E. Coli origin of replication
Escherichia coli
1
E. Coli genome starting point
E. Coli origin of replication
E. Coli whole cell simulation
Escherichia coli
4k
13
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab (CovertLab/WholeCellEcoliRelease)
E. Coli whole cell simulation
2k
11
1. Install and first run
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
2. Output overview
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
1
2.1. Mass fracion summary plot analysis
Output overview
3. Run variants
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
2
3.1. Default run variant
Run variants
3.2. Time series run variant
Run variants
4. Other run variants
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
5. Source code overview
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
1
5.1. Condition
Source code overview
6. Model validation
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
7. Publications
E. Coli Whole Cell Model by Covert Lab
Multi-Omics Model and Analytics (MOMA, 2016)
E. Coli whole cell simulation
E. Coli Metabolome Database
Escherichia coli
E. Coli strain
Escherichia coli
1k
20
E. Coli K-12
E. Coli strain
1k
19
E. Coli K-12 MG1655
E. Coli K-12
886
18
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 origin of replication (3,925,744 - 3,925,975)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655
10
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrL (190-255, thr operon leader peptide)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrA (337-2799, fused aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrB (2,801 - 3,733)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrC
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene yaaX (5,234 - 5,530)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene dksA (160,604 - 160,149)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene lrp (932,595 - 933,089)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene fnr (1,398,774 - 1,399,526)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene arcA (4,639,590 - 4,640,306)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene ytdX (5,234 - 5,530)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene of unknown function
E. Coli K-12 MG1655
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter
E. Coli K-12 MG1655
130
4
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter thrLp (148)
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter
3
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 operon thrLABC
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter thrLp
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 transcription unit thrL
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter thrLp
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 transcription unit thrLABC
E. Coli K-12 MG1655 promoter thrLp
Mycoplasma
List of bacteria
306
11
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma
111
3
M. genitalium whole cell simulation
Mycoplasma genitalium
2
Lattice Microbes (2022)
M. genitalium whole cell simulation
M. genitalium whole cell model by Covert lab
M. genitalium whole cell simulation
Mycoplasma mycoides
Mycoplasma
195
6
M. mycoides strain
Mycoplasma mycoides
174
5
M. mycoides JCVI strain
M. mycoides strain
4
JCVI-syn3A (2019)
M. mycoides JCVI strain
1
Essential metabolism for a minimal cell (2019)
JCVI-syn3A
JCVI-syn3.0 (2016)
M. mycoides JCVI strain
JCVI-syn3B (2022)
M. mycoides JCVI strain
Arkarya
Species
59
2
Archaea
Arkarya
1
Archaea are more cosely related to the eukaryotes than bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryote
Species
1k
117
Advantage of eukaryote over bacteria
Eukaryote
1
Eukaryotes can do phatocytosis due to their cytoskeleton
Advantage of eukaryote over bacteria
Amoeba
Eukaryote
Eukarya subclade
Eukaryote
1k
113
Animal
Eukarya subclade
995
105
Animal anatomy
Animal
2
Anus
Animal anatomy
Cloaca
Animal anatomy
Animal flight
Animal
Warm-blooded
Animal
1
Homeothermy
Warm-blooded
Animal subclade
Animal
886
98
Placozoan
Animal subclade
Arthropod
Animal subclade
10
3
Drosophila melanogaster (Common fruit fly)
Arthropod
10
2
Fruit fly model
Drosophila melanogaster
1
NeuroMechFly (2021)
Fruit fly model
Chordate
Animal subclade
802
84
Chordate subclade
Chordate
723
83
Lancet
Chordate subclade
Vertebrate
Chordate subclade
676
81
Vertebrate subclade
Vertebrate
Fish
Vertebrate
654
79
Mudfish
Fish
Zebrafish
Fish
Fish subclade
Fish
597
76
Tetrapod
Fish subclade
597
75
Tetrapod subclade
Tetrapod
548
74
Amphibian
Tetrapod subclade
Amniote
Tetrapod subclade
548
72
Amnion
Amniote
Amniote subclade
Amniote
522
70
Sauropsida
Amniote subclade
4
Reptile
Sauropsida
Sauropsida subclade
Sauropsida
2
Bird
Sauropsida subclade
1
Crow
Bird
Synapsid (Mammals + extinct reptile like cousins)
Amniote subclade
500
64
Synapsid subclade
Synapsid
498
63
Mammal
Synapsid subclade
498
62
Milk
Mammal
Mammal subclade
Mammal
407
60
Monotreme (Mammals that lay eggs)
Mammal subclade
Theria (Mammals that don't lay eggs, wild beast)
Mammal subclade
407
58
Theria subclade
Theria
379
57
Marsupial
Theria subclade
Placentalia
Theria subclade
379
55
Placenta
Placentalia
Placentalia subclade
Placentalia
350
53
Bat
Placentalia subclade
Mouse
Placentalia subclade
25
5
Rat
Mouse
House mouse
Mouse
8
3
Mouse mutant
House mouse
2
Genetically modified mouse
Mouse mutant
Knockout mouse
Mouse mutant
Primate
Placentalia subclade
302
42
Primate subclade
Primate
302
41
Simian
Primate subclade
302
40
Simian subclade
Simian
302
39
Ape
Simian subclade
302
38
Ape subclade
Ape
277
37
Australopithecine (7.3 Mya)
Ape subclade
264
36
Human
Australopithecine
253
35
Human evolution
Human
4
Early expansions of hominins out of Africa (2.1 Mya - 200 kya)
Human evolution
Early human migrations (200 kya)
Human evolution
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Human evolution
Human loss of fur
Human evolution
Human body
Human
202
27
Human cell type
Human body
11
4
Human Cell Atlas
Human cell type
Human immortalised cell line
Human cell type
2
HeLa (1951)
Human immortalised cell line
HEK 293 cell (1973)
Human immortalised cell line
Human molecular biology
Human body
182
20
Human proteome
Human molecular biology
Human genome
Human molecular biology
126
18
Human chromosome
Human genome
Human genetic variation
Human genome
3
Personal Genome Project
Human genetic variation
Human Phenotype Ontology
Human genetic variation
ABO blood group system
Human genetic variation
Human mtDNA
Human genome
3
Human mitochondrial molecular clock
Human mtDNA
Cambridge Reference Sequence (1981, first human mtDNA full sequencing)
Human mtDNA
1
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome by Sanger et al. (1981)
Cambridge Reference Sequence
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Human genome
Human genome sequencing project
Human genome
4
Human Genome Project (2003, first largs scale sequencing of a human genome)
Human genome sequencing project
2015 Iceland genome sequencing studies
Human genome sequencing project
100,000 Genomes Project (2018, UK)
Human genome sequencing project
TwinsUK (1992-, UK, 13k)
Human genome sequencing project
Human protein
Human genome
2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Human protein
TMPRSS2
Human protein
Human body system
Human body
Transhumanism
Human
1
Brain in a vat
Transhumanism
Ungulate (Cows, pigs, whales)
Placentalia subclade
2
Ungulate subclade
Ungulate
1
Cow
Ungulate subclade
Nematode
Animal subclade
49
7
Caenorhabditis elegans
Nematode
7
6
C. elegans cell lineage
Caenorhabditis elegans
C. elegans body system
Caenorhabditis elegans
C. elegans models and databases
Caenorhabditis elegans
2
WormAtlas
C. elegans models and databases
WormWideWeb (2023)
C. elegans models and databases
OpenWorm
Caenorhabditis elegans
Fungus
Eukarya subclade
3
Mold
Fungus
Yeast
Fungus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fungus
Plant
Eukarya subclade
2
Borlotti beans
Plant
Pinto bean
Plant
Extraterrestrial life (alien)
Species
4
Kardashev scale
Extraterrestrial life
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
Extraterrestrial life
2
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence (CETI)
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
1
Arecibo message
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
Evolution
Biology
10
11
Argument from poor design
Evolution
1
Intelligent design
Argument from poor design
Convergent evolution
Evolution
Extinct and extant
Evolution
2
Extinct
Extinct and extant
Extant
Extinct and extant
Genetic diversity
Evolution
1
Allele
Genetic diversity
Natural selection
Evolution
Selective breeding
Evolution
1
Eugenics
Selective breeding
Biotechnology
Biology
68
10
Artificial womb
Biotechnology
Biosafety level (BSL)
Biotechnology
Parenteral nutrition
Biotechnology
Tissue engineering
Biotechnology
63
5
Cultured food
Tissue engineering
21
4
Cultured meat
Cultured food
11
3
Cultured meat company
Cultured meat
1
Ivy Farm
Cultured meat company
Eat Just
Cultured meat
Synthetic biology
Biotechnology
Biologist
Biology
39
5
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Biologist
Craig Venter
Biologist
George M. Church
Biologist
Jacques Monod
Biologist
1
You can learn more from older students than from faculty
Jacques Monod
Computational biology
Biology
128
6
Bioinformatics
Computational biology
35
4
FASTA format
Bioinformatics
1
Get nucleotide at a given position of a FASTA file
FASTA format
Sequence alignment
Bioinformatics
1
BLAST (biotechnology)
Sequence alignment
Whole organism simulation
Computational biology
Disease
Biology
38
10
Cancer
Disease
3
Anti-cancer mechanism
Cancer
1
Oncogene
Anti-cancer mechanism
Cancer is natural selection gone wrong
Cancer
Chronic disease
Disease
Obesity
Disease
Infection
Disease
Respiratory disease
Disease
2
Asthma
Respiratory disease
Tuberculosis
Respiratory disease
Life
Biology
385
8
Artificial life
Life
328
4
Software-based artificial life
Artificial life
59
3
The Bibites (2017)
Software-based artificial life
Primer (YouTube channel, 2018)
Software-based artificial life
1
Justin Helps
Primer
Organism
Life
1
Organism model
Organism
Death
Life
Reproduction
Biology
149
38
Egg
Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction
34
36
Sex (trait)
Sexual reproduction
2
Female
Sex
Male
Sex
Why are there two sexes?
Sexual reproduction
There are two sexes because of mitochondria
Sexual reproduction
Sexually
Sexual reproduction
Sexual selection
Sexual reproduction
2
Mate choice
Sexual selection
Courtship
Sexual selection
Sexual arousal
Sexual reproduction
10
6
Sexual fetish
Sexual arousal
1
Pedophilia
Sexual fetish
Sexy
Sexual arousal
3
Reproductive cue
Sexy
2
Human reproductive cue
Reproductive cue
1
Cleavage
Human reproductive cue
Orgasm
Sexual reproduction
Sexual intercourse (make love, do it, screw, shag, fornicate, get laid, bone, make the beast with two backs, ride St George, horizontal refreshment, do the deed of darkness)
Sexual reproduction
1
Gang bang
Sexual intercourse
Sex toy
Sexual reproduction
1
Dildo
Sex toy
Sexual orientation
Sexual reproduction
6
Transsexual
Sexual orientation
Homosexuality
Sexual orientation
3
Bisexuality
Homosexuality
Homoeroticism
Homosexuality
Lesbian
Homosexuality
Coming out
Sexual orientation
Promiscuity
Sexual reproduction
Sexual organ
Sexual reproduction
3
Breast
Sexual organ
Penis
Sexual organ
Vagina
Sexual organ
Viviparity
Sexual reproduction
24
2
Pregnancy
Viviparity
1
Abortion
Pregnancy
Medicine
Biology
199
20
Pharmacy
Medicine
192
19
Antimicrobial
Pharmacy
2
Antibiotic
Antimicrobial
1
Streptomycin (1948)
Antibiotic
Drug
Pharmacy
192
13
Addiction
Drug
2
Drug addict
Addiction
Drug tolerance
Addiction
Recreational drug
Drug
9
Drug liberalization
Recreational drug
Bad trip
Recreational drug
Drug traffic
Recreational drug
1
Drug lord
Drug traffic
List of recreational drugs
Recreational drug
4
Cocaine
List of recreational drugs
Marijuana
List of recreational drugs
Heroin
List of recreational drugs
Lysergic acid diethylamide
List of recreational drugs
Pharmaceutical company
Pharmacy
1
Merck Group
Pharmaceutical company
Astronomy
Natural science
14k
586
Amateur astronomy
Astronomy
1
Good targets for amateur astronomy
Amateur astronomy
Astronomical measurement unit
Astronomy
95
6
Astronomical unit (AU, distance to the Sun)
Astronomical measurement unit
Apparent magnitude
Astronomical measurement unit
95
3
Brightest natural objects in the sky
Apparent magnitude
2
Star outside the Milky Way
Brightest natural objects in the sky
It is not possible to see stars outside of the Milky Way by naked eye
Brightest natural objects in the sky
Proper motion
Astronomical measurement unit
Astrophysics
Astronomy
43
6
Cosmic ray
Astrophysics
5
Particle discovered with cosmic rays
Cosmic ray
Mountain used for cosmic ray experiments
Cosmic ray
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Cosmic ray
2
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Oh-My-God particle
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Age of the universe
Astronomy
96
6
Big Bang
Age of the universe
5
Cosmic microwave background (CMB)
Big Bang
Expansion of the universe
Big Bang
3
Cosmological event horizon
Expansion of the universe
Expanding raisin bread model
Expansion of the universe
Inflation (cosmology)
Expansion of the universe
Astronomical object
Astronomy
66
15
Galaxy
Astronomical object
Messier object (1774)
Astronomical object
Planetary system
Astronomical object
Planet
Astronomical object
Star
Astronomical object
66
10
Double star
Star
Star system
Star
1
Polaris (433 ly, 1.8m)
Star system
Stellar classification
Star
66
6
Neutron star
Stellar classification
Main sequence
Stellar classification
Supernova
Stellar classification
Black hole
Stellar classification
2
Micro black hole
Black hole
Black holes nearest to the Sun
Black hole
Constellation
Astronomy
3
IAU designated constellations
Constellation
Asterism (astronomy)
Constellation
1
Big Dipper
Asterism
Space exploration
Astronomy
2
Space exploration organization
Space exploration
1
NASA
Space exploration organization
Telescope
Astronomy
26
5
Amateur telescope
Telescope
26
4
Amateur telescope vendor
Amateur telescope
26
3
Celestron
Amateur telescope vendor
16
2
Celestron NexStar
Celestron
1
Celestron NexStar 4SE
Celestron NexStar
Virgo Supercluster
Astronomy
13k
533
Virgo cluster
Virgo Supercluster
4
Galaxy in the Virgo cluster
Virgo cluster
3
Messier 49 (M49, 56 Mly, 8.4 m)
Galaxy in the Virgo cluster
Messier 86 (M86, 52 Mly, 8.9 m)
Galaxy in the Virgo cluster
Messier 87 (M87, 53 Mly, 8.6 m)
Galaxy in the Virgo cluster
Local group
Virgo Supercluster
13k
527
Galaxy in the Local Group
Local group
1
Andromeda Galaxy (2.5 Mly, 3.44 m)
Galaxy in the Local Group
Milky Way (185 x 2 kly)
Local group
13k
524
Galaxies nearest the Milky Way
Milky Way
Milky Way satellite galaxy
Milky Way
1
Large Magellanic Cloud (14 kly, 0.9 m)
Milky Way satellite galaxy
Sagittarius A
Milky Way
1
Sagittarius A* (Black hole in center of Milky Way, 27 kly)
Sagittarius A
Zone of Avoidance (ZOA)
Milky Way
Arm of the Milky Way
Milky Way
13k
517
Orion Arm (3500 x 10000 ly)
Arm of the Milky Way
13k
516
Alpha Centauri (0.01 m)
Orion Arm
1
Proxima Centauri (4 ly, 11 m)
Alpha Centauri
Sirius (9 ly, -1.5 m)
Orion Arm
Solar System
Orion Arm
13k
512
Model of the solar system
Solar System
2
Geocentric model
Model of the solar system
Copernican heliocentrism
Model of the solar system
Sun
Solar System
1
Stars nearest to the Sun
Sun
Planet in the Solar System
Solar System
12k
506
Mercury (planet)
Planet in the Solar System
Venus
Planet in the Solar System
Earth
Planet in the Solar System
12k
492
Continent
Earth
12k
449
Continental drift
Continent
1
Pangaea (335 Mya-200 Mya)
Continental drift
List of continents
Continent
12k
446
Americas
List of continents
2k
83
North America
Americas
376
51
Country in North America
North America
207
50
Canada
Country in North America
Mexico
Country in North America
1
Mexican drug war
Mexico
United States
Country in North America
207
46
History of the United States
United States
2
American Revolution (1765-1784, getting rid of the Brits)
History of the United States
American Civil War (1861-1865, slavery)
History of the United States
Law enforcement in the United States
United States
1
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Law enforcement in the United States
United States Armed Forces
United States
23
3
Military doctrine of the United States
United States Armed Forces
1
Rifleman's Creed
Military doctrine of the United States
United States Air Force
United States Armed Forces
United States Government
United States
23
6
Independent agencies of the United States government
United States Government
1
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Independent agencies of the United States government
United States Department of Defense (DoD)
United States Government
23
3
The Pentagon
United States Department of Defense
DARPA (1958)
United States Department of Defense
1
ARPA
DARPA
U.S. state
United States
52
29
California
U.S. state
12
10
San Francisco Bay
California
6
San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay
5
Berkeley, California
San Francisco Bay Area
Palo Alto
San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco
San Francisco Bay Area
1
LGBT culture in San Francisco
San Francisco
Silicon Valley
San Francisco Bay Area
City in California
California
2
Los Angeles
City in California
Santa Barbara
City in California
Hawaii
U.S. state
Illinois
U.S. state
2
Champaign-Urbana metropolitan area
Illinois
Chicago
Illinois
Massachusetts
U.S. state
1
Boston
Massachusetts
Minnesota
U.S. state
New Mexico
U.S. state
2
Albuquerque, New Mexico
New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico
New Mexico
New York (state)
U.S. state
4
New York
New York
2
Manhattan
New York
1
Wall Street
Manhattan
Long Island
New York
Tennessee
U.S. state
Utah
U.S. state
Washington (state)
U.S. state
South America
Americas
1k
30
River in South America
South America
1
Amazon River
River in South America
Country in South America
South America
1k
27
Brazil
Country in South America
1k
26
Brazilian exchange students
Brazil
2
Brazilian Student Association
Brazilian exchange students
Ciência sem Fronteiras (Science without frontiers)
Brazilian exchange students
Favela
Brazil
States of Brazil
Brazil
1k
8
São Paulo (state)
States of Brazil
995
6
City in the State of São Paulo
São Paulo
3
Jundiaí
City in the State of São Paulo
Rio Claro, São Paulo
City in the State of São Paulo
Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
City in the State of São Paulo
São Paulo City
São Paulo
1
Municipal Market of São Paulo
São Paulo City
Rio de Janeiro (state)
States of Brazil
History of Brazil
Brazil
1
Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
History of Brazil
Politics of Brazil
Brazil
2022 Brazilian general election
Brazil
Demographics of Brazil
Brazil
2
Japanese Brazilians
Demographics of Brazil
1
Liberdade (district of São Paulo)
Japanese Brazilians
Culture of Brazil
Brazil
120
5
Brazilian cuisine
Culture of Brazil
3
Brazilian creamy cornmeal cake
Brazilian cuisine
Feijoada
Brazilian cuisine
Pineapple jelly with cream
Brazilian cuisine
Malandragem
Culture of Brazil
Asia
List of continents
8k
266
Asian meme
Asia
1
High Expectations Asian Father
Asian meme
Golden Crescent
Asia
Russia
Asia
1
Soviet Union
Russia
East Asia
Asia
8k
216
Asian fetish (Yellow fever)
East Asia
Country in East Asia
East Asia
8k
214
China
Country in East Asia
7k
197
Sinophile
China
2
Ciro Santilli's sinophily
Sinophile
Sinologist
Sinophile
Chinese culture
China
7k
146
Chinese custom
Chinese culture
1
Blood brother
Chinese custom
Chinese festival
Chinese culture
Dragon Boat Festival (5th day of 5th lunar month)
Chinese culture
1
Dragon boat
Dragon Boat Festival
Chinese numbered list
Chinese culture
3
Four Beauties
Chinese numbered list
Four arts
Chinese numbered list
Four Treasures of the Study
Chinese numbered list
Chinese male ideal
Chinese culture
124
4
Junzi
Chinese male ideal
Chinese scholar
Chinese male ideal
2
Scholar-official
Chinese scholar
Chinese scholar house
Chinese scholar
Chinese art
Chinese culture
7k
131
Chinese cinema
Chinese art
2
Chinese television drama
Chinese cinema
Cinema of Hong Kong
Chinese cinema
Chinese cuisine
Chinese art
78
9
Chinese regional cuisine
Chinese cuisine
1
Eight Chinese Cuisines
Chinese regional cuisine
Chinese food
Chinese cuisine
6
Baijiu (Chinese rice liquor)
Chinese food
Century egg
Chinese food
Congee
Chinese food
Douhua
Chinese food
Mantou
Chinese food
Zongzi
Chinese food
Chinese literature
Chinese art
5k
61
Chinese poetry
Chinese literature
14
9
Chinese poem
Chinese poetry
Chinese poet
Chinese poetry
Li Bai (701-762)
Chinese poetry
Chinese poetry anthology
Chinese poetry
1
Three Hundred Tang Poems (1763)
Chinese poetry anthology
Classical Chinese poetry form
Chinese poetry
1
Qijue (qi1 jue2)
Classical Chinese poetry form
Chinese poetry bibliography
Chinese poetry
1
100 Tang Poems
Chinese poetry bibliography
Chinese book
Chinese literature
5k
50
Classic Chinese Novels
Chinese book
5k
39
Four Great Classic Novels (si4 da4 ming2 zhu4)
Classic Chinese Novels
5k
38
Journey to the West
Four Great Classic Novels
124
6
Journey to the West character
Journey to the West
3
Zhu Bajie (pig)
Journey to the West character
Sun Wukong
Journey to the West character
Tang Sanzang (monk)
Journey to the West character
Journey to the West adaptation
Journey to the West
1
Journey to the West (1986 TV series, 25 x 50 min)
Journey to the West adaptation
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1300-1400, san1guo2 yan3yi4)
Four Great Classic Novels
3
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1994 TV series)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms event
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1
Oath of the Peach Garden
Romance of the Three Kingdoms event
Water Margin (14th century)
Four Great Classic Novels
390
26
Water Margin quote
Water Margin
Water Margin English translation
Water Margin
1
Water Margin translation by Sidney Shapiro (1980)
Water Margin English translation
Water Margin character
Water Margin
99
12
Grand Commander Hou
Water Margin character
Gao Qiu (evil soccer player)
Water Margin character
Lin Chong (lance instructor of the 800,000 Imperial Guards)
Water Margin character
1
Lin Chong scene
Lin Chong
Lu Zhishen (converted to Buddhist monk to escape justice)
Water Margin character
3
Lu Zhishen scene
Lu Zhishen
2
Lu Zhishen uproots willow tree
Lu Zhishen scene
Lu Zhishen saves Lin Chong
Lu Zhishen scene
Song Jiang (rebel leader)
Water Margin character
Sun Erniang (103, human meat mantou lady!)
Water Margin character
Wang Jin (Water Margin character, officer persecuted by Gao Qiu)
Water Margin character
Yang Zhi (Water Margin, Blue Faced Beast)
Water Margin character
Water Margin location
Water Margin
2
The Capital (Water Margin location)
Water Margin location
Mount Liang
Water Margin location
Water Margin scene
Water Margin
1
Grand Commander Hou releases the 108 demons
Water Margin scene
Water Margin adaptation
Water Margin
1
The Water Margin (1973 TV series, Japanese)
Water Margin adaptation
The Water Margin (1998 TV series, 46 x 45 min)
Water Margin
108 Stars of Destiny
Water Margin
1
108 Stars of Destiny women
108 Stars of Destiny
Huainanzi (2nd BC)
Chinese book
1
The old man lost his horse
Huainanzi
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio (1766)
Chinese book
76
7
Pu Songling (1640-1715)
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio story
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1
The Great Sage, Heaven's Equal (Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio story, 11.4, 齐天大圣)
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio story
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio film adaptation
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
22
3
A Chinese Ghost Story (1987)
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio film adaptation
1
A Chinese Ghost Story sutra
A Chinese Ghost Story
Painted Skin (1992 film)
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio film adaptation
Chinese traditional music
Chinese art
992
46
The best Chinese traditional instrumental music
Chinese traditional music
1
Ten ancient famous songs of China
The best Chinese traditional instrumental music
Chinese musical instrument
Chinese traditional music
787
38
Dizi (instrument, Chinese transversal flute)
Chinese musical instrument
Erhu (two string bowed)
Chinese musical instrument
107
6
Erhu piece
Erhu
2
Reflections of the Moon on Erquan (er4 quan2 ying4 yue4)
Erhu piece
Suwu herding sheep
Erhu piece
Erhu player
Erhu
2
Abing (blind erhu player, 1893-1950)
Erhu player
Song Fei (Erhu, 1969)
Erhu player
Guqin (seven string plucked)
Chinese musical instrument
415
11
Guqin player
Guqin
2
Bo Ya (Warring States period)
Guqin player
Zhang Ziqian (1899-1991)
Guqin player
Guqin bibliography
Guqin
1
silkqin.com
Guqin bibliography
Guqin piece
Guqin
5
Melody of Longshuo (Dragon Soaring Melody)
Guqin piece
High Mountain and Flowing Water
Guqin piece
The book binding broke three times
Guqin piece
Dialog between Fisherman and Woodcutter (yu2 qiao2 wen4 da2)
Guqin piece
Li sao (Guqin song, li2 sao1)
Guqin piece
Guzheng (21-26 string plucked)
Chinese musical instrument
80
3
Guzheng piece
Guzheng
2
Jackdaw Playing With Water (han2 ya1 xi4 shui3)
Guzheng piece
Ripples by ripples
Guzheng piece
Pipa (four string plucked)
Chinese musical instrument
137
8
Pipa piece
Pipa
4
Ambush from ten sides (shi2 mian4 mai2 fu2)
Pipa piece
White snow in sunny spring (yang2 chun1 bai2 xue3)
Pipa piece
Dance of the Yi People
Pipa piece
Dragon boat (pipa piece, 龙船)
Pipa piece
Pipa player
Pipa
2
Liu Dehai (1937-2020)
Pipa player
Wu Man
Pipa player
Suona
Chinese musical instrument
14
2
Suona piece
Suona
1
A Hundred Birds Pay Homage to the Phoenix (bai3 niao3 chao2 feng4)
Suona piece
Xun (Instrument, vessel flute)
Chinese musical instrument
Xun flute (Instrument)
Chinese musical instrument
Chinese traditional music label
Chinese traditional music
1
China Record Corporation
Chinese traditional music label
Chinese traditional music album
Chinese traditional music
1
2
Masters Of Traditional Chinese Music (album, 2004)
Chinese traditional music album
1
Master Of Traditional Chinese Music: guqin
Masters Of Traditional Chinese Music
Chinese painting
Chinese art
17
8
Chinese traditional painting
Chinese painting
10
5
Bird-and-flower painting
Chinese traditional painting
Chinese traditional painting shape
Chinese traditional painting
3
Handscroll (shou3 juan3)
Chinese traditional painting shape
Hanging scroll
Chinese traditional painting shape
Fan painting
Chinese traditional painting shape
Chinese painter
Chinese painting
1
Xie Shichen (1488-?)
Chinese painter
Politics of China
China
9
Chinese policy
Politics of China
1
One Child Policy (1980-2015)
Chinese policy
Chinese government
Politics of China
6
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Chinese government
Chinese politician
Chinese government
2
Mao Zedong
Chinese politician
Xi Jinping
Chinese politician
Chinese government media
Chinese government
1
China Central Television
Chinese government media
Chinese company
China
2
Baidu
Chinese company
Baidu Baike
Chinese company
Chinese currency
China
Sycee (boat-shaped gold or silver ingots)
China
Chinese game
China
1
Cuju
Chinese game
Chinese garden
China
2
Four Gentlemen (Plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum)
Chinese garden
Stone garden (jia3 shan1)
Chinese garden
Chinese history
China
7
10
Chinese dynasty
Chinese history
9
CCP dynasty (1945-)
Chinese dynasty
2
Tiananmen Square Protests (1989)
CCP dynasty
1
Tank Man
Tiananmen Square Protests
Qing dynasty (1636-1912, qinq1 chao2)
Chinese dynasty
Ming dynasty (1368-1644, ming2 chao2)
Chinese dynasty
Song dynasty (960-1279, song1 chao2)
Chinese dynasty
Tang dynasty (618-683, 705-904, tang2 chao2)
Chinese dynasty
Warring States period (475 BC - 221 BC)
Chinese dynasty
1
Chu (state, South East, Shanghai, chu3)
Warring States period
Chinese measurement unit
China
2
Traditional Chinese timekeeping
Chinese measurement unit
Tael (~50 g)
Chinese measurement unit
Chinese website
China
2
Bilibili (Chinese YouTube)
Chinese website
Mojim
Chinese website
Province of China
China
8
4
Shanxi
Province of China
Shandong
Province of China
8
2
City in Shandong
Shandong
1
Kaifeng
City in Shandong
Demographics of China
China
4
Sex-ratio imbalance in China
Demographics of China
Ethnic minorities in China
Demographics of China
2
List of Chinese ethnic minorities
Ethnic minorities in China
1
Yi people
List of Chinese ethnic minorities
Japan
Country in East Asia
110
8
City in Japan
Japan
1
Tokyo
City in Japan
Culture of Japan
Japan
1
Seppuku
Culture of Japan
Japanese literature
Japan
39
2
Hagakure (葉隱)
Japanese literature
1
Matters of small concern should be treated seriously
Hagakure
Chinese thing better known in the West as Japanese
Japan
Korea
Country in East Asia
3
Korean art
Korea
Korean drama
Korea
Kimchi
Korea
Taiwan
Country in East Asia
2
City in Taiwan
Taiwan
1
Taipei
City in Taiwan
South Asia
Asia
210
29
Country in South Asia
South Asia
210
28
India
Country in South Asia
198
25
Indian cuisine
India
1
Thali
Indian cuisine
Indian classical music
India
114
20
Raga
Indian classical music
Raga by time of the day
Indian classical music
9
2
Evening raga
Raga by time of the day
1
Puriya
Evening raga
Indian classical music trope type
Indian classical music
1
Jugalbandi (Power duo)
Indian classical music trope type
Indian classical musician
Indian classical music
Indian classical musician by instrument
Indian classical music
24
2
Indian classical singer
Indian classical musician by instrument
1
Jasraj
Indian classical singer
Classical Indian musical instrument
Indian classical music
13
9
Shehnai
Classical Indian musical instrument
Sitar
Classical Indian musical instrument
2
Sitar player
Sitar
1
Ravi Shankar
Sitar player
Tabla
Classical Indian musical instrument
8
4
Tabla player
Tabla
3
Zakir Hussain (Musician)
Tabla player
1
Ustad
Zakir Hussain
Alla Rakha (1919-2000)
Tabla player
Indian politician
India
1
Mahatma Gandhi
Indian politician
Pakistan
Country in South Asia
1
Muhammad Iqbal
Pakistan
Southeast Asia
Asia
6
Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)
Southeast Asia
Country in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Vietnam
Southeast Asia
Oceania
Southeast Asia
2
Country in Oceania
Oceania
1
Australia
Country in Oceania
West Asia
Asia
108
6
Country in West Asia
West Asia
61
5
Afghanistan
Country in West Asia
Iran
Country in West Asia
Israel
Country in West Asia
1
West Bank
Israel
Turkey
Country in West Asia
Europe
List of continents
2k
94
Geography of Europe
Europe
1
Alps
Geography of Europe
European balance of power
Europe
1
Concert of Europe (19th century)
European balance of power
European Union
Europe
2
The European Union is a failure
European Union
Europe cookie law
European Union
Western World
Europe
Country in Europe
Europe
2k
85
Austria
Country in Europe
1
Fugging, Upper Austria
Austria
Netherlands
Country in Europe
4
City in the Netherlands
Netherlands
1
Eindhoven
City in the Netherlands
History of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1
Dutch Golden Age (17th c.)
History of the Netherlands
France
Country in Europe
15
2
Paris
France
1
Place de la République
Paris
Germany
Country in Europe
6
5
Adolf Hitler
Germany
2
Nazism
Adolf Hitler
1
Nazi Germany
Nazism
City in Germany
Germany
1
Hamburg
City in Germany
Greece
Country in Europe
Italy
Country in Europe
Kosovo
Country in Europe
1
Kosovo War
Kosovo
Spain
Country in Europe
Switzerland
Country in Europe
United Kingdom
Country in Europe
2k
61
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
409
27
Geographical division of England
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
City in the United Kingdom
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
1
Brighton
City in the United Kingdom
Counties of the United Kingdom
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
282
11
Historic counties of England
Counties of the United Kingdom
Administrative counties of England
Counties of the United Kingdom
Cambridgeshire (Cambs)
Counties of the United Kingdom
144
3
Cambridge
Cambridgeshire
2
Cycling landscape of Cambridge's surroundings
Cambridge
River Cam
Cambridge
Greater London
Counties of the United Kingdom
39
2
London
Greater London
1
City of London
London
West Midlands (county)
Counties of the United Kingdom
1
Coventry
West Midlands
British Overseas Territories
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
Countries of the United Kingdom
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
3
England
Countries of the United Kingdom
2
History of England
England
1
Anglo-Saxons
History of England
Regions of England
Geographical division of the United Kingdom
119
6
South East England
Regions of England
119
5
County in South East England
South East England
119
4
Oxfordshire (Oxon)
County in South East England
3
Pendon Museum
Oxfordshire
Oxford
Oxfordshire
1
River Cherwell
Oxford
Law of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
2
Taxation in the United Kingdom
Law of the United Kingdom
1
Gift vs Grant vs Contract in the United Kingdom
Taxation in the United Kingdom
Politics of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
7
10
Brexit
Politics of the United Kingdom
British political party
Politics of the United Kingdom
1
Monster Raving Loony Party
British political party
British politician
Politics of the United Kingdom
1
Winston Churchill
British politician
Government of the United Kingdom
Politics of the United Kingdom
4
UK Research and Innovation
Government of the United Kingdom
3
Innovate UK
UK Research and Innovation
UK National Quantum Technologies Programme
UK Research and Innovation
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
UK Research and Innovation
British custom
United Kingdom
1
British pragmatism
British custom
Climate of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Transportation in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
572
7
Cycling in the United Kingdom
Transportation in the United Kingdom
412
4
Cycling UK
Cycling in the United Kingdom
UK cycle route
Cycling in the United Kingdom
2
National Cycle Network
UK cycle route
The National Byway
UK cycle route
Rail transport in Great Britain
Transportation in the United Kingdom
1
Beeching cuts
Rail transport in Great Britain
Education in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
37
5
Charity school
Education in the United Kingdom
Public school (united-kingdom)
Education in the United Kingdom
3
Public Schools Act 1868
Public school
List of public schools in the United Kingdom
Public school
1
Eton college
List of public schools in the United Kingdom
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Portugal
Country in Europe
Moon
Earth
1
Giant-impact hypothesis
Moon
Earth science
Earth
91
39
Geologic time scale
Earth science
86
20
Age of Earth (4.5 Bya)
Geologic time scale
Extinction event
Geologic time scale
3
Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (66 Mya, Chicxulub crater meteor)
Extinction event
Permian-Triassic extinction event (252 Mya, Siberian Traps volcanoes)
Extinction event
Great Oxidation Event (2.5 Bya)
Extinction event
Geologic time scale hierarchy
Geologic time scale
79
14
Eon
Geologic time scale hierarchy
53
11
Phanerozoic (541 Mya-today, visible life)
Eon
51
7
Cenozoic (65 Bya - today, new life, K-Pg Extinction - today)
Phanerozoic
23
4
Paleolithic (3.3 Mya - 12 kya, tools)
Cenozoic
Quaternary (2.5 Mya - today, humans)
Cenozoic
2
Holocene (12 kya - agriculture - today)
Quaternary
Pleistocene (2.5 Mya - 12 kya, humans emerge - agriculture)
Quaternary
Mesozoic (252 Bya - 65 Mya, middle life, P-T Extinction to K-Pg Extinction, dinosaurs)
Phanerozoic
Paleozoic (541 Mya - 252 Mya, old life, Cambrian explosion to P-T Extinction)
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic (2.5 Bya - 541 Mya, old life, oxygen to Cambrian explosion)
Eon
Archean (4-2.5 Bya, ancient life)
Eon
Hadean (4.5-4 Bya, Hell, no life)
Eon
Era
Geologic time scale hierarchy
Period (geology)
Geologic time scale hierarchy
Atmospheric science
Earth science
5
Climatology
Atmospheric science
2
Climate change
Climatology
1
Global warming
Climate change
Meteorology
Atmospheric science
1
Rain
Meteorology
Geology
Earth science
Mineralogy
Earth science
5
10
Mineral
Mineralogy
5
4
Rock (geology)
Mineral
5
3
Sedimentary rock
Rock
List of rocks
Rock
1
Limestone
List of rocks
Mine
Mineralogy
3
Mining
Mine
List of mines
Mine
1
Jáchymov
List of mines
Ore
Mineralogy
Mars
Planet in the Solar System
13
3
Mars exploration
Mars
2
Mars sample-return mission
Mars exploration
Human mission to Mars
Mars exploration
Jupiter
Planet in the Solar System
1
Galilean moons (1610)
Jupiter
Saturn (antiquity, rings 1655)
Planet in the Solar System
Uranus (1781)
Planet in the Solar System
Neptune (1846)
Planet in the Solar System
Dwarf planet in the solar system
Planet in the Solar System
1
Pluto (1930)
Dwarf planet in the solar system
Laboratory
Natural science
2
8
Cleanroom
Laboratory
1
ISO cleanroom level
Cleanroom
Laboratory simulation
Laboratory
2
Laboratory equipment manufacturer
Laboratory
4
Thermo Fisher Scientific (2006-)
Laboratory equipment manufacturer
3
Fisher Scientific (1902-)
Thermo Fisher Scientific
1
Fisher Scientific product
Fisher Scientific
Thermo Electron (1956-)
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Natural science YouTube channel
Natural science
24
1
The Thought Emporium
Natural science YouTube channel
24
Linguistics
Science
526
143
Dictionary
Linguistics
10
2
Online dictionary
Dictionary
1
Urban Dictionary
Online dictionary
Register (sociolinguistics)
Linguistics
1
Term of endearment
Register
Part of speech
Linguistics
5
Lexical category
Part of speech
Noun
Part of speech
3
Name
Noun
2
Personal name
Name
1
Middle name
Personal name
Etymology
Linguistics
4
Morphology (linguistics)
Etymology
2
Inflection
Morphology
1
Diminutive
Inflection
Neologism
Etymology
Phonetics
Linguistics
1
Homonym (Same sound or spelling bu different meaning)
Phonetics
Semantics
Linguistics
1
Synonym
Semantics
Figure of speech
Linguistics
4
Innuendo
Figure of speech
1
Sexual innuendo
Innuendo
Slang
Figure of speech
Euphemism
Figure of speech
Linguist
Linguistics
1
Charles Kay Ogden
Linguist
Lingua franca
Linguistics
Natural language
Linguistics
8
5
Constructed language
Natural language
8
4
Controlled language
Constructed language
8
3
Controlled English
Controlled language
2
Basic English
Controlled English
Learning English
Controlled English
Writing system
Linguistics
394
62
Transcription (linguistics)
Writing system
1
Transliteration
Transcription
Logogram
Writing system
51
6
Chinese character
Logogram
24
5
Transliteration of Chinese
Chinese character
1
Pinyin
Transliteration of Chinese
Chinese punctuation
Chinese character
1
Reference mark (※)
Chinese punctuation
Cursive script (East Asia)
Chinese character
Phonemic orthography
Writing system
343
52
Syllabary
Phonemic orthography
24
3
Abugida
Syllabary
2
Abjad
Abugida
Devanagari
Abugida
Alphabet
Phonemic orthography
205
44
Diacritic
Alphabet
Cyrillic script
Alphabet
Greek alphabet
Alphabet
12
Beta (
B
,
β
, B)
Greek alphabet
Gamma (
Γ
,
γ
, C, G)
Greek alphabet
Delta (letter,
Δ
,
δ
, D)
Greek alphabet
Epsilon (letter,
E
,
ϵ
,
ε
, E)
Greek alphabet
Zeta (letter,
Z
,
ζ
, Z)
Greek alphabet
Eta (letter,
H
,
η
, H)
Greek alphabet
Mu (letter,
M
,
μ
, M)
Greek alphabet
Nu (letter,
N
,
ν
, N)
Greek alphabet
Pi (letter,
Π
,
π
, P)
Greek alphabet
Rho (
P
,
ρ
, R)
Greek alphabet
Phi (
Φ
,
ϕ
,
φ
, F)
Greek alphabet
Psi (Greek,
Ψ
,
ψ
)
Greek alphabet
Latin alphabet
Alphabet
28
History of the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
1
Historical correspondence between Latin and Greek
History of the Latin alphabet
Latin letter
Latin alphabet
25
A
Latin letter
B
Latin letter
C
Latin letter
D
Latin letter
F
Latin letter
G
Latin letter
H
Latin letter
I
Latin letter
J
Latin letter
K
Latin letter
L
Latin letter
M
Latin letter
N
Latin letter
O
Latin letter
P
Latin letter
Q
Latin letter
R
Latin letter
S
Latin letter
T
Latin letter
U
Latin letter
V
Latin letter
W
Latin letter
X
Latin letter
Y
Latin letter
Z
Latin letter
Punctuation
Phonemic orthography
2
At sign (@)
Punctuation
Double quotes (")
Punctuation
List of languages
Linguistics
78
45
Indo-European language
List of languages
72
38
Arabic
Indo-European language
English (language)
Indo-European language
30
10
English idiom
English
3
If it ain't broke, don't fix it
English idiom
Polish a turd
English idiom
Take the gloves off
English idiom
English slang
English
3
Meh
English slang
No pun intended
English slang
Original gangster
English slang
Regional accents of English
English
1
Received Pronunciation
Regional accents of English
German (language)
Indo-European language
Greek (language)
Indo-European language
28
4
Greek root (μόνος)
Greek
1
Mono (μόνος)
Greek root
Greek word
Greek
1
Kudos
Greek word
Hindi
Indo-European language
Polish (language)
Indo-European language
14
2
Polish letter
Polish
1
Ł (wa, wo)
Polish letter
Romance language
Indo-European language
15
Latin
Romance language
9
Latin phrase
Latin
8
Cf. (confer, compare with)
Latin phrase
De novo (of new, from scratch)
Latin phrase
Et aliī (and others)
Latin phrase
Id est (i.e., that is, in other words)
Latin phrase
In vitro (in a glass, artificial)
Latin phrase
In vivo (in life, natural)
Latin phrase
Nota bene (NB., note well, note that)
Latin phrase
Sic
Latin phrase
French (language)
Romance language
Italian (language)
Romance language
Portuguese (language)
Romance language
1
Brazilian Portuguese
Portuguese
Spanish (language)
Romance language
Japanese (language)
List of languages
Sino-Tibetan language
List of languages
4
Chinese (language)
Sino-Tibetan language
3
Chengyu
Chinese
Chinese slang
Chinese
1
Shabi
Chinese slang
Scientific method
Science
24k
313
Experiment
Scientific method
1
Thought experiment
Experiment
Conceptual model
Scientific method
35
3
Simulation
Conceptual model
35
2
Simulation software
Simulation
35
1
Physics engine
Simulation software
35
Social science
Scientific method
24k
306
Country
Social science
55
2
First World
Country
Micronation
Country
11
Globalization
Social science
92
2
Internationalism
Globalization
Globalization reduces the power of governments
Globalization
92
History
Social science
6
Middle Ages
History
Age of Enlightenment
History
Museum
History
3
Computer museum
Museum
2
Computer History Museum (Mountain View, California)
Computer museum
The Centre for Computing History (Cambridge, UK)
Computer museum
Meme
Social science
39
5
Ain't Nobody Got Time For That
Meme
6
Pepe the Frog
Meme
Porn meme
Meme
19
1
Gay porn meme
Porn meme
19
Rickrolling
Meme
Politics
Social science
865
20
Politician
Politics
157
1
The artist and the politician
Politician
157
Political party
Politics
5
3
Joke party
Political party
Political donation
Political party
Ban political donations
Political party
5
Activism
Politics
1
1
Slacktivism
Activism
1
Politics of Europe
Politics
3
Politics of France
Politics of Europe
2
French politician
Politics of France
1
Napoleon
French politician
Politics of the United States
Politics
702
6
American politician
Politics of the United States
702
2
Donald Trump
American politician
702
1
The deplatforming of Donald Trump (2021)
Donald Trump
24
Political parties in the United States
Politics of the United States
2
Democratic Party (United States, Democrat)
Political parties in the United States
Republican Party (United States, Republican)
Political parties in the United States
Nationalism
Politics
Philosophy
Social science
5
5
Simulation hypothesis
Philosophy
5
2
Evil demon
Simulation hypothesis
Dream argument
Simulation hypothesis
Philosopher
Philosophy
1
Eratosthenes
Philosopher
Idealism
Social science
5
1
Pragmatism
Idealism
4
Religion
Social science
1k
147
Abrahamic religion
Religion
716
70
Amen
Abrahamic religion
Christianism
Abrahamic religion
491
44
Trinity
Christianism
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Christianism
Jewish Christian
Christianism
Bible
Christianism
112
18
Old Testament
Bible
New Testament
Bible
27
12
New Testament passage
New Testament
1
Transfiguration of Jesus
New Testament passage
New Testament part
New Testament
6
9
Gospel
New Testament part
3
Synoptic Gospels
Gospel
Gospel of Matthew (book 1)
Gospel
Gospel of John (book 4)
Gospel
Acts of the Apostles (5th book)
New Testament part
Pauline epistles
New Testament part
1
Epistle to the Romans
Pauline epistles
Book of Revelation (27)
New Testament part
1
Number of the beast
Book of Revelation
Version of the bible
Bible
3
New International Version (NIV, 1978)
Version of the bible
King James Version (1611-)
Version of the bible
Freely licensed Bibles
Version of the bible
Christian denomination
Christianism
10
6
Catholic Church
Christian denomination
10
3
Catholic prayer
Catholic Church
1
Divine Praises (1797)
Catholic prayer
Indulgence
Catholic Church
Protestantism
Christian denomination
Church of England (C of E)
Christian denomination
Jesus
Christianism
255
14
Jesus Christ Superstar (1973)
Jesus
John the Baptist
Jesus
Apostle
Jesus
64
5
Twelve Apostles
Apostle
3
Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles
Twelve Apostles
Saint Peter
Twelve Apostles
Andrew the Apostle
Twelve Apostles
Apostle not in the Twelve
Apostle
Quote by Jesus
Jesus
5
As iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another
Quote by Jesus
Fishers of men
Quote by Jesus
Man shall not live by bread alone
Quote by Jesus
Enter through the narrow gate
Quote by Jesus
The truth will set you free
Quote by Jesus
Islam
Abrahamic religion
54
10
Islam character
Islam
Kaaba
Islam
Ramadan
Islam
Quran
Islam
4
Quran character
Quran
1
Muhammad
Quran character
Quran passage
Quran
1
Isra and Mi'raj
Quran passage
Islamic sect
Islam
1
Gülen movement
Islamic sect
Judaism
Abrahamic religion
29
12
Synagogue
Judaism
Hebrew Bible
Judaism
29
9
Version of the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible
1
Septuagint (ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible)
Version of the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible character
Hebrew Bible
6
Abraham
Hebrew Bible character
Cyrus the Great (600 BC - 530 BC)
Hebrew Bible character
2
Cyrus the Great Day (October 29th)
Cyrus the Great
Tomb of Cyrus
Cyrus the Great
Satan
Hebrew Bible character
1
Satanism
Satan
Talmud
Judaism
Agnosticism
Religion
Atheism
Religion
Cult
Religion
6
Orange Papers
Cult
Cult leader
Cult
Prophet
Cult
List of cults
Cult
2
Aum Shinrikyo
List of cults
1
Shoko Asahara
Aum Shinrikyo
Free will
Religion
God
Religion
1
Godlike
God
Hell
Religion
2
Heaven
Hell
Purgatory
Hell
Legendary creature
Religion
2
Angel
Legendary creature
Devil
Legendary creature
Parody religion
Religion
1
Tacoism
Parody religion
Sin
Religion
New Age
Religion
New Religious Movement
Religion
Esalen Institute
Religion
Saint
Religion
1
Catholic Saint
Saint
Self-help
Religion
1
Deep work
Self-help
Theodicy
Religion
List of religions
Religion
648
46
Buddhism
List of religions
207
28
Alan Watts
Buddhism
Amitābha (E1 mi2 to2 fo2)
Buddhism
Schools of Buddhism
Buddhism
168
16
Theravada
Schools of Buddhism
25
7
Pali Canon
Theravada
24
6
Vinaya Pitaka (1st Pitaka, Monastic rules)
Pali Canon
Sutta Piṭaka (2nd Pitaka, Teachings)
Pali Canon
Abhidhamma Pitaka (3rd Pitaka, psychology, review article)
Pali Canon
24
3
Puggalapannatti (3.4)
Abhidhamma Pitaka
2
Division of human types by two (3.4.2)
Puggalapannatti
Which two persons are hard to satisfy? (3.4.2.21)
Puggalapannatti
Mahayana
Schools of Buddhism
98
7
Zen
Mahayana
95
4
Koan
Zen
43
3
Great doubt (Daigo)
Koan
1
Great doubt, great understanding
Great doubt
The Gateless Barrier (1228)
Koan
Mahayana sutra
Mahayana
1
Diamond Sutra
Mahayana sutra
Dharma
Buddhism
Dharma name
Buddhism
Maitreya
Buddhism
Meditation
Buddhism
Nirvana
Buddhism
Middle Way
Buddhism
Noble Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Samsara
Buddhism
Sand mandala
Buddhism
Confucianism (ru2 tiao4)
List of religions
2
Analects (论语)
Confucianism
1
Analects translation by Robert Eno (2015)
Analects
Falun Gong
List of religions
1
Epoch times
Falun Gong
Hinduism
List of religions
3
Maya (religion)
Hinduism
Mahabharata
Hinduism
1
Bhagavad Gita
Mahabharata
Scientology
List of religions
Sikhism
List of religions
1
Gurdwara
Sikhism
Taoism
List of religions
92
4
Zhuang Zhou (Zhuangzi, zhuang1 zhou1)
Taoism
Zhuangzi (庄子)
Taoism
1
Butterfly dream
Zhuangzi
Yin and yang
Taoism
Social norm
Social science
284
6
Shibboleth
Social norm
Political correctness
Social norm
284
4
Ridiculous cases of political correctness censorship
Political correctness
218
3
Replacement of master and slave terminology from technology
Ridiculous cases of political correctness censorship
91
1
GitHub's replacement of
master
branch with
main
(2020)
Replacement of master and slave terminology from technology
73
Magic the gathering's banning of 7 cards due to "racism" (2020)
Ridiculous cases of political correctness censorship
113
Society
Social science
91
1
Military-industrial complex
Society
91
War
Social science
21k
100
A Small Talent for War
War
Military technology
War
2
Concertina wire
Military technology
Electronic warfare (EW)
Military technology
Cold War (1947-1991)
War
Espionage
War
21k
86
Counterintelligence (Counter intelligence)
Espionage
Mole (espionage)
Espionage
Spycraft
Espionage
1
Cutout (espionage)
Spycraft
Five Eyes
Espionage
Intelligence Gathering
Espionage
2
Open-source intelligence (OSINT)
Intelligence Gathering
Intelligence analysis
Intelligence Gathering
Secret service
Espionage
21k
77
Intelligence agency
Secret service
21k
76
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Intelligence agency
21k
69
CIA 2010 covert communication websites (Iran, China)
Central Intelligence Agency
16k
68
List of websites
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
Selected screenshots
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
USA spying on its own allies
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
Methodology
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
12k
48
Gathering key points from the articles
Methodology
The Reuters websites
Methodology
Fingerprints
Methodology
IP range search
Methodology
317
3
Hits without nearby IP hits
IP range search
1
Possible hits that are too broken to be sure
Hits without nearby IP hits
Hits with nearby IP hits
IP range search
TODO
Methodology
91
4
Find missing hits in IP ranges
TODO
How did Alexa find the domains?
TODO
Non .com .net TLDs
TODO
1
Are there .org hits?
Non .com .net TLDs
Data sources
Methodology
3k
25
Reuters article (2022-09-29)
Data sources
Wayback Machine
Data sources
469
4
Wayback Machine CDX scanning
Wayback Machine
2
Wayback Machine CDX scanning with Tor parallelization
Wayback Machine CDX scanning
JS CDX scanning
Wayback Machine CDX scanning
Wayback Machine crawl date search
Wayback Machine
viewdns.info
Data sources
DNS Census 2013
Data sources
218
6
2013 DNS Census virtual host cleanup
DNS Census 2013
1
2013 DNS Census virtual host cleanup heuristic keyword searches
2013 DNS Census virtual host cleanup
2013 DNS census MX records
DNS Census 2013
2013 DNS census secureserver.net MX records intersection 2013 DNS Census virtual host cleanup
DNS Census 2013
2013 DNS census NS records
DNS Census 2013
2013 DNS census SOA records
DNS Census 2013
dnshistory.org
Data sources
securitytrails.com
Data sources
Common Crawl
Data sources
Internet Census 2012
Data sources
2
2012 Internet Census hostprobes
Internet Census 2012
2012 Internet Census icmp_ping
Internet Census 2012
tb0hdan/domains
Data sources
Expired domain trackers
Data sources
1
club.domain.cn
Expired domain trackers
"Mass Deface III" pastebin
Data sources
ipinf.ru
Data sources
Reverse engineering
Methodology
426
8
Communication mechanism
Reverse engineering
CGI comms
Reverse engineering
2
CGI comms variant
CGI comms
SSL certificate
CGI comms
JavaScript reverse engineering
Reverse engineering
42
3
JavaScript with SHAs
JavaScript reverse engineering
1
iraniangoals.com JavaScript reverse engineering
JavaScript with SHAs
feedsdemexicoyelmundo.com JavaScript reverse engineering
JavaScript reverse engineering
Google searches for known domains and IPs
Methodology
Breakthroughs
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
673
4
Non Reuters ranges
Breakthroughs
1
secure subdomain search on 2013 DNS Census
Non Reuters ranges
Oleg Shakirov's findings (Communicated January 15, 2024)
Breakthroughs
1
Searching for Carson
Oleg Shakirov's findings
Work log
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
388
9
Wakatime redirects
Work log
IP and DNS metadata
Work log
7
iraniangoals.com
IP and DNS metadata
iraniangoalkicks.com
IP and DNS metadata
activegameinfo.com (66.175.106.148)
IP and DNS metadata
feedsdemexicoyelmundo.com (66.175.106.149)
IP and DNS metadata
noticiasmusica.net (66.175.106.150)
IP and DNS metadata
atomworldnews.com (66.175.106.155)
IP and DNS metadata
iranfootballsource.com
IP and DNS metadata
Backlinks
CIA 2010 covert communication websites
GCHQ (British NSA)
Intelligence agency
84
National Security Agency (NSA)
Intelligence agency
63
4
National Security Agency employee
National Security Agency
63
3
Edward Snowden
National Security Agency employee
63
2
Lindsay Mills (Snowden's wife)
Edward Snowden
18
Snowden (film, 2016)
Edward Snowden
38
Asymmetric warfare
War
1
3
Terrorism
Asymmetric warfare
1
2
Terrorist attack
Terrorism
1
1
Boston Marathon bombing (2013)
Terrorist attack
List of wars
War
3
World War I (1914-1918)
List of wars
World War II (1939-09-01 to 1945)
List of wars
Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022)
List of wars
Popular science (Scientific vulgarization, Outreach)
Science
472
13
Crank (person)
Popular science
42
Royal Institution
Popular science
4
1
Davy Faraday Research Laboratory
Royal Institution
Science communication
Popular science
59
5
Science communicator
Science communication
59
4
Bill Nye
Science communicator
48
Jim Baggott
Science communicator
11
1
Jim Baggott selects the topics for his books by writing about things he wants to know more about
Jim Baggott
11
Suzie Sheehy
Science communicator
To talk about something without giving the real name to not scare off the audience
Popular science
57
Popular science publication
Popular science
22
2
Quanta Magazine
Popular science publication
22
Scientific American
Popular science publication
Scientific documentary
Science
370
2
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (1980)
Scientific documentary
12
100 Greatest Discoveries by the Discovery Channel (2004-2005)
Scientific documentary
358
History of science
Science
151
4
Period of the history of science
History of science
1
Information Age (1950-)
Period of the history of science
Science makes progress funeral by funeral
History of science
75
Web of Stories
History of science
50
Pseudoscience
Science
1
Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
Pseudoscience
Ancestors
Ciro Santilli's Homepage
Incoming links
Agnosticism
Cell biology
Explain how to make money with the lesson
Optics
Photonics
Physics
Veritasium
Videos of all key physics experiments
Synonyms
Scientific