Copley Medal (1731-, Royal Society)

The Royal Society's Nobel Prize.

royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ says it is now open to international citizens, but having a quick look at the 2010 awards still suggests that it is very British centric, or at least anglophone centric, much like the society fellowship itself. That's likely the reason why the Nobel prize won, being much more international from the start.

Good background: www.theguardian.com/science/the-h-word/2016/oct/07/prize-science-medal-history-nobel