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words: 13k
articles: 356
Table of contents
13k
356
Moore's law
Computer hardware
4
Semiconductor device fabrication
Computer hardware
1k
40
Semiconductor research institute
Semiconductor device fabrication
39
3
IMEC
(1984-, Belgium)
Semiconductor research institute
35
Computer research institute
Semiconductor research institute
4
1
Xerox PARC
Computer research institute
4
Semiconductor equipment maker
Semiconductor device fabrication
213
3
ASML Holding
(1984-)
Semiconductor equipment maker
169
1
ASM International
(1964)
ASML Holding
3
Applied Materials
(1967-)
Semiconductor equipment maker
6
Power, performance and area
(PPA)
Semiconductor device fabrication
199
Wafer
(electronics)
Semiconductor device fabrication
1
Czochralski method
Wafer
Semiconductor fabrication plant
(foundry, Fab)
Semiconductor device fabrication
226
11
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
Semiconductor fabrication plant
200
5
Fairchild Semiconductor
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
5
GlobalFoundries
(2009, AMD spinout)
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
36
Infineon Technologies
(1999)
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
SMIC
(Chinese TSMC)
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
4
TSMC
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant
138
Semiconductor fabrication step
Semiconductor fabrication plant
4
Chemical vapor deposition
Semiconductor fabrication step
Photolithography
Semiconductor fabrication step
2
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
(EUV)
Photolithography
Photomask
Photolithography
Standard cell library
Semiconductor device fabrication
179
1
Open source standard cell library
Standard cell library
18
Electronic design automation
(EDA)
Semiconductor device fabrication
154
11
Electronic design automation phase
Electronic design automation
67
4
Logic synthesis
Electronic design automation phase
28
Place and route
Electronic design automation phase
39
2
Integrated circuit layout
Place and route
6
1
GDSII
Integrated circuit layout
6
EDA company
Electronic design automation
14
3
Cadence Design Systems
EDA company
Mentor Graphics
EDA company
Synopsys
EDA company
Open source EDA tool
Electronic design automation
21
1
qflow
Open source EDA tool
21
Semiconductor process node
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor device fabrication bibilography
Semiconductor device fabrication
109
1
Asianometry
Semiconductor device fabrication bibilography
109
Integrated circuit
(IC)
Computer hardware
161
3
Interconnect
(integrated_circuits, Chip interconnect)
Integrated circuit
Application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC, Hardware acceleration)
Integrated circuit
System on a chip
(SoC)
Integrated circuit
Register transfer level
(RTL)
Computer hardware
652
11
High-level synthesis
Register transfer level
Fabless manufacturing
Register transfer level
97
1
Fabless semiconductor company
Fabless manufacturing
Logic gate
Register transfer level
1
Truth table
Logic gate
Verilog
Register transfer level
322
3
Value change dump
(VCD)
Verilog
Verilator
Verilog
315
1
Verilator interactive example
Verilator
114
VHDL
Register transfer level
113
1
GHDL
VHDL
106
Microarchitecture
Computer hardware
Computer hardware component type
Computer hardware
7k
144
Processor
(computing)
Computer hardware component type
7k
91
Instruction set architecture
(ISA)
Processor
6k
59
Assembly language
Instruction set architecture
18
2
Assembler
(computing)
Assembly language
1
GNU Assembler
(GNU GAS)
Assembler
Calling convention
Instruction set architecture
List of instruction set architectures
Instruction set architecture
6k
54
One instruction set computer
(OISC)
List of instruction set architectures
ARM architecture family
List of instruction set architectures
174
PowerPC
List of instruction set architectures
RISC-V
List of instruction set architectures
143
7
RISC-V International
(RISC-V Foundation)
RISC-V
SiFive
RISC-V
15
RISC-V timer
RISC-V
73
1
riscv/timer.S
RISC-V timer
73
RISC-V priviledged ISA
RISC-V
2
RISC-V MSTATUS register
RISC-V priviledged ISA
1
RISC-V MSTATUS.MIE field
RISC-V MSTATUS register
x86
List of instruction set architectures
6k
41
x86 Paging Tutorial
x86
4k
39
1.
Sample code
x86 Paging Tutorial
2.
Intel manual
x86 Paging Tutorial
3.
Application
x86 Paging Tutorial
4.
Hardware implementation
x86 Paging Tutorial
5.
Segmentation
x86 Paging Tutorial
6.
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
x86 Paging Tutorial
7
6.1.
Single level paging scheme visualization
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.2.
Single level paging scheme numerical translation example
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.3.
Multiple addresses translate to a single physical address
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.4.
Identity mapping
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.5.
Page faults
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.6.
Page table entries
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
6.7.
Page size choice
Example: simplified single-level paging scheme
7.
Example: multi-level paging scheme
x86 Paging Tutorial
5
7.1.
The problem with single-level paging
Example: multi-level paging scheme
7.2.
K-ary trees to the rescue
Example: multi-level paging scheme
7.3.
Why not a balanced tree
Example: multi-level paging scheme
7.4.
How the K-ary tree is used in x86
Example: multi-level paging scheme
7.5.
Multi-level paging scheme numerical translation example
Example: multi-level paging scheme
8.
64-bit architectures
x86 Paging Tutorial
9.
PAE
x86 Paging Tutorial
10.
PSE
x86 Paging Tutorial
11.
PAE and PSE page table schemes
x86 Paging Tutorial
12.
TLB
x86 Paging Tutorial
4
12.1.
Basic TLB operation
TLB
12.2.
TLB replacement policy
TLB
12.3.
CAM
TLB
12.4.
Invalidating TLB entries
TLB
13.
Linux kernel usage
x86 Paging Tutorial
5
13.1.
Play with physical addresses in Linux
Linux kernel usage
13.2.
Kernel vs process memory layout
Linux kernel usage
13.3.
Process memory layout
Linux kernel usage
13.4.
Copy-on-write
(COW)
Linux kernel usage
13.5.
Linux source tree
Linux kernel usage
14.
Memory management unit
x86 Paging Tutorial
15.
Second Level Address Translation
x86 Paging Tutorial
16.
Other architectures
x86 Paging Tutorial
1
16.1.
ARM
Other architectures
17.
Bibliography
x86 Paging Tutorial
x86 custom instructions
x86
58
Y86
List of instruction set architectures
15
Type of processor
Processor
400
30
Central processing unit
(CPU)
Type of processor
146
13
Arithmetic logic unit
Central processing unit
Microcontroller
Central processing unit
59
2
MicroPython
Microcontroller
47
Microcontroller vs CPU
Microcontroller
CPU architecture
Central processing unit
82
7
Instruction pipelining
CPU architecture
82
6
JavaScript CPU microarchitecture simulator
Instruction pipelining
70
2
y86.js.org
JavaScript CPU microarchitecture simulator
57
WebRISC-V
JavaScript CPU microarchitecture simulator
13
Hazard
(computer architecture)
Instruction pipelining
1
Pipeline stall
Hazard
Classic RISC pipeline
Instruction pipelining
Microprocessor
Central processing unit
5
Field-programmable gate array
(FPGA)
Type of processor
171
2
FPGA company
Field-programmable gate array
1
Xilinx
(1984-2022)
FPGA company
Graphics processing unit
(GPU)
Type of processor
66
8
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
(GPGPU)
Graphics processing unit
66
7
Open source GPU compute benchmark
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
4
GPU compute library
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
62
5
CUDA
GPU compute library
1
1
CUDA hello world
CUDA
1
OpenCL
GPU compute library
ROCm
GPU compute library
61
1
ROCm on Ubuntu
ROCm
58
AI accelerator
Type of processor
17
3
Amazon AI accelerator silicon
AI accelerator
10
Tensor Processing Unit
(TPU, 2015, Google AI accelerator)
AI accelerator
Tesla Dojo
(2022)
AI accelerator
I/O device
Computer hardware component type
471
51
Punched card
I/O device
76
1
Hollerith tabulating machine
Punched card
26
Computer input device
I/O device
Computer data storage
I/O device
178
22
Computer data storage software
Computer data storage
3
Filesystem
Computer data storage software
2
Computer file
Filesystem
1
File signature
Computer file
Computer data storage hardware
Computer data storage
178
17
Tape drive
(1950s-)
Computer data storage hardware
51
Volatile memory
Computer data storage hardware
20
6
Random-access memory
(RAM)
Volatile memory
20
5
Static random-access memory
(SRAM)
Random-access memory
Dynamic random-access memory
(DRAM)
Random-access memory
7
2
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
(SDRAM)
Dynamic random-access memory
1
DDR SDRAM
(DDR SDRAM)
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Magnetoresistive RAM
(MRAM)
Random-access memory
Non-volatile memory
Computer data storage hardware
77
6
Disk storage
Non-volatile memory
2
Disk read-and-write head
Disk storage
1
Magnetoresistive disk head
Disk read-and-write head
Optical storage
Non-volatile memory
Solid-state storage
(SSD)
Non-volatile memory
73
1
Erase SSD securely
Solid-state storage
73
Solid-state drive
(SSD)
Computer data storage hardware
30
1
Flash memory
Solid-state drive
30
Peripheral
I/O device
217
24
Computer mouse
Peripheral
Computer keyboard
Peripheral
18
5
Keyboard layout
Computer keyboard
7
2
QWERTY
Keyboard layout
Dvorak keyboard layout
Keyboard layout
7
Computer keyboard model
Computer keyboard
11
1
Kinesis Advantage 2 keyboard
Computer keyboard model
11
Display device
Peripheral
138
6
Blinkenlights
Display device
E Ink
Display device
121
3
Amazon Kindle
E Ink
5
Remarkable
(tablet)
E Ink
29
1
Remarkable 2
Remarkable
6
Teleprinter
Display device
17
Webcam
Peripheral
Peripheral interface
Peripheral
61
8
PCI
Peripheral interface
61
4
PCIe
PCI
lspci
PCI
56
2
pciutils
lspci
5
Get vendor and device ID for each PCI device
lspci
8
USB
Peripheral interface
2
USB Micro-B
USB
USB-C
USB
Computer form factor
Computer hardware
2k
72
Embedded system
Computer form factor
Distributed computing
Computer form factor
173
5
Fog computing
Distributed computing
173
4
Charity Engine
Fog computing
Folding@home
Fog computing
SETI@home
Fog computing
Is fog computing more efficient than cloud computing?
Fog computing
129
Mainframe computer
Computer form factor
Cloud computing
Computer form factor
1k
33
Cloud computing market share
Cloud computing
9
Hyperscale computing
Cloud computing
40
Cloud computing platform
Cloud computing
837
24
Amazon Web Services
Cloud computing platform
837
21
aws-cli
Amazon Web Services
AWS service
Amazon Web Services
837
19
Amazon Athena
AWS service
1
Amazon Redshift
AWS service
Amazon S3
AWS service
9
1
Browse S3 bucket on web browser
Amazon S3
9
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(Amazon EC2)
AWS service
827
14
Amazon EC2 HOWTO
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
710
2
Amazon EC2 hello world
Amazon EC2 HOWTO
142
Amazon EC2 GPU
Amazon EC2 HOWTO
568
Amazon Machine Image
(AMI)
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
29
2
List of AWS AMIs
Amazon Machine Image
29
1
AWS Deep Learning Base GPU AMI (Ubuntu 20.04)
List of AWS AMIs
29
Amazon Elastic Block Store
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
36
1
Laucnh Amazin EC2 with existing EBS volume
(Amazon EBS)
Amazon Elastic Block Store
36
EC2 instance store volume
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
39
vCPU
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
EC2 instance type
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
13
3
g4ad.xlarge
EC2 instance type
5
g4nd.xlarge
EC2 instance type
4
g5.xlarge
EC2 instance type
4
Alibaba Cloud
Cloud computing platform
Google Cloud Platform
(GCP)
Cloud computing platform
Type of cloud computing
Cloud computing
386
5
Infrastructure as a service
(IaaS)
Type of cloud computing
32
Platform as a service
(PaaS)
Type of cloud computing
354
3
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
Platform as a service
Heroku
Platform as a service
319
1
Send free emails from Heroku
Heroku
196
High performance computing
Computer form factor
286
20
Job scheduler
High performance computing
223
11
IBM Spectrum LSF
(LSF)
Job scheduler
223
10
LSF get version
IBM Spectrum LSF
13
LSF command
IBM Spectrum LSF
210
8
bsub
LSF command
190
4
bsub get job stdout and stderr
bsub
142
bsub on foreground
bsub
39
bsub option
bsub
bsub
-I
option
bsub
bpeek
LSF command
10
bkill
LSF command
4
bkill all jobs
LSF command
6
Slurm Workload Manager
(SLURM)
High performance computing
Supercomputer
High performance computing
63
6
Exascale computing
Supercomputer
15
TOP500
Supercomputer
Supercomputer by owner
Supercomputer
2
Oak Ridge supercomputer
Supercomputer by owner
1
Frontier
(supercomputer)
Oak Ridge supercomputer
Intel supercomputer market share
Supercomputer
36
Personal computer
Computer form factor
68
7
Laptop
Personal computer
Desktop computer
Personal computer
Mobile phone
Personal computer
68
4
History of mobile phone
Mobile phone
The first application of mobile phones was in motor vehicles
Mobile phone
68
Smartphone
Mobile phone
Mobile app
Mobile phone
Workstation
Computer form factor
Computer manufacturer
Computer hardware
1k
27
Dell
Computer manufacturer
Lenovo
Computer manufacturer
330
2
ThinkPad
Lenovo
233
1
ThinkPad series
ThinkPad
Raspberry Pi Foundation
Computer manufacturer
651
22
Raspberry Pi Foundation project
Raspberry Pi Foundation
651
21
Raspberry Pi OS
Raspberry Pi Foundation project
11
Raspberry Pi
(2012)
Raspberry Pi Foundation project
640
19
Raspberry Pi 1
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi 2
Raspberry Pi
6
Raspberry Pi 3
Raspberry Pi
12
Raspberry Pi Pico
(2021)
Raspberry Pi
622
15
Raspberry Pi Pico variant
(2022)
Raspberry Pi Pico
558
14
Raspberry Pi Pico H
Raspberry Pi Pico variant
17
Raspberry Pi Pico W
(2022)
Raspberry Pi Pico variant
541
12
Raspberry Pi Pico W UART
Raspberry Pi Pico W
62
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
Raspberry Pi Pico W
281
9
How to run a MicroPython script from a file on the Raspberry Pi Pico W from the command line?
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
31
MicroPython connection tool
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
23
3
ampy
MicroPython connection tool
11
rshell
MicroPython connection tool
12
1
How to exit from repl in rshell?
rshell
12
Raspberry Pi Pico W freezes a few seconds after after screen disconnects from UART
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython code from the command line
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
3
Program the Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython from Thonny
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
3
Raspberry Pi Pico W MicroPython example
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with MicroPython
221
Program Raspberry Pi Pico W with C
Raspberry Pi Pico W
197
Semiconductor industry
Computer hardware
615
50
Semiconductor industry bibliography
Semiconductor industry
1
Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age
(1997)
Semiconductor industry bibliography
Film about the semiconductor industry
Semiconductor industry
10
1
Halt and Catch Fire
(TV series, 2014-2017)
Film about the semiconductor industry
10
Semiconductor company
Semiconductor industry
599
44
Acorn Computers
Semiconductor company
AMD
(1969)
Semiconductor company
170
16
AMD product
AMD
52
12
AMD CPU
AMD product
36
2
Ryzen
AMD CPU
13
Epyc
AMD CPU
AMD GPU
AMD product
16
8
AMD GPU driver
AMD GPU
8
1
AMDGPU
AMD GPU driver
8
RDNA
AMD GPU
8
2
RDNA 3
(2022)
RDNA
8
1
gfx1103
RDNA 3
8
Radeon
AMD GPU
AMD Instinct
AMD GPU
ATI Technologies
(1985-2006)
AMD GPU
AMD employee
AMD
57
2
Jerry Sanders
(AMD co-founder and CEO until 2002)
AMD employee
57
Lisa Su
AMD employee
Arm
(company)
Semiconductor company
115
6
Allen Wu
Arm
80
Arm product
Arm
4
Arm Artisan
Arm product
ARM CPU
Arm product
2
ARM Cortex-M
ARM CPU
1
ARM Cortex-M0+
ARM Cortex-M
Broadcom
Semiconductor company
Cerebras
(2015-)
Semiconductor company
31
Graphcore
Semiconductor company
Intel
(1968-)
Semiconductor company
19
6
Intel GPU
Intel
12
4
Intel discrete GPU
Intel GPU
12
2
Intel Xe
Intel discrete GPU
Intel Arc
Intel discrete GPU
12
Intel Graphics Technology
(Intel integrated GPUs)
Intel GPU
Intel Research
(Intel Research Lablets)
Intel
7
Nvidia
Semiconductor company
89
6
Software developed by Nvidia
Nvidia
1
nvidia-smi
Software developed by Nvidia
Nvidia GPU
Nvidia
3
Nvidia Tesla
Nvidia GPU
2
Nvidia T4
Nvidia Tesla
Nvidia A10G
Nvidia Tesla
Qualcomm
Semiconductor company
9
Silicon Graphics
(1981-2009)
Semiconductor company
150
Chinese semiconductor industry
Semiconductor industry
6
Ancestors
(5)
Computer
Information technology
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Technology
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