Representation theory

A kind of generalized view of the study of Lie groups, and also a good entry point to understanding lie groups.

Basically, a "representation" means associating each group element as an invertible matrices, i.e. a matrix in (possibly some subset of)

G L (n)

, that has the same properties as the group.

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Or in other words, associating to the more abstract notion of a group more concrete objects with which we are familiar (e.g. a matrix).

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Each such matrix then represents one specific element of the group.

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This is basically what everyone does (or should do!) when starting to study Lie groups: we start looking at matrix Lie groups, which are very concrete.

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Or more precisely, mapping each group element to a linear map over some vector field

V

(which can be represented by a matrix infinite dimension), in a way that respects the group operations:

R (g) : G \to G L (V)

(149)

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As shown at Physics from Symmetry by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2015)

page 51, a representation is not unique, we can even use matrices of different dimensions to represent the same group
3.6 classifies the representations of $S U (2)$ . There is only one possibility per dimension!
3.7 "The Lorentz Group O(1,3)" mentions that even for a "simple" group such as the Lorentz group, not all representations can be described in terms of matrices, and that we can construct such representations with the help of Lie group theory, and that they have fundamental physical application