Ciro Santilli

MongoDB

NoSQL database: looks like manipulating dictionaries / objects in Python / Ruby.

No fixed table format: everything is a dictionary.

Apparently, MongoDB and Redis are comparable tools, but MongoDB is slower and more flexible.

Command line client

CLI client:

mongo

Server

By default runs on port 27017.

help

Get general help:

help

Get help on specific classes:

db.help()
db.collection0.help()

Database operations

List databases http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25947929/how-to-list-all-databases-in-the-mongo-shell:

show dbs

Sample output:

local	0.078125GB
test	0.203125GB

The local database contains metadata: https://docs.mongodb.org/v3.0/reference/local-database/.

Set current DB:

use test

Get current database name:

db

Sample output:

test

Collection

Collections are the analogue of relational tables of a database.

Create a new collection called collection0 in the current DB test and insert some values into it:

db.collection0.insert({ x:1, x2:1 })
db.collection0.insert({ x:1, x2:2 })
db.collection0.insert({ x:2 })
db.collection0.insert({ y:3 })
db.collection0.insert({ s:"s" })

Note how you don’t have to create a database table as in traditional relational databases like MySQL.

List all collections on current DB http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8866041/how-to-list-all-collections-in-the-mongo-shell:

show collections

Sample output:

collection0
system.indexes

system.indexes is present by default.

List entire collection:

db.collection0.find()

Sample output:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8be"), "x" : 1, "x2" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8bf"), "x" : 1, "x2" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8c0"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8c1"), "y" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8c2"), "s" : "s" }

Find elements where x = 1:

db.collection0.find({ x: 1 })

Output:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8be"), "x" : 1, "x2" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5488607f9a6f3a85128cd8bf"), "x" : 1, "x2" : 2 }

remove

Clear a collection;

db.collection0.remove({})

_id

https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/object-id/

db.collection0.insert({ x:1, x2:1 })

find

Limit columns returned:

db.collection0.insert({x:1, y:2})
db.collection0.find({})
// { "_id" : ObjectId("568d2cdfbc7a812650566d04"), "x" : 1, "y" : 2 }
db.collection0.find({}, {})
// { "_id" : ObjectId("568d2cdfbc7a812650566d04"), "x" : 1, "y" : 2 }
db.collection0.find({}, {x:true})
// { "_id" : ObjectId("568d2cdfbc7a812650566d04"), "x" : 1 }
db.collection0.find({}, {x:true, _id:false})
// { "x" : 1 }
db.collection0.remove({})

Note how _id is included by default even it it is not listed as true: we must explicitly exclude it for it to disappear.

Query

TODO: what can be the query?

update

The element finding is the same as for find.

db.collection0.insert({x:1, y:1})
db.collection0.insert({x:2, y:4})
db.collection0.update({x:1}, {$set: {y:2}})
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false})
// { "x" : 1, "y" : 2 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : 4 }
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false})
db.collection0.remove({})

How the update is done is specified by a Field Update Operator.

Update multiple fields at once requires {multi:true}: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1740023/mongodb-how-to-update-multiple-documents-with-a-single-command

db.collection0.insert({x:1})
db.collection0.insert({x:2})
db.collection0.update({}, {$mul: {x:-1}}, {multi:true})
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false})
// { "x" : -1 }
// { "x" : -2 }
db.collection0.remove({})

inc

db.collection0.insert({x:1, y:1})
db.collection0.update({}, {$inc: {x:1}})
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false})
// { "x" : 2, "y" : 1 }
db.collection0.remove({})

Cursor object

The result of find() operations.

sort

db.collection0.insert({x:1, y:-1})
db.collection0.insert({x:2, y:-2})
db.collection0.insert({x:2, y:-3})

// Asc.
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false}).sort({x:1})
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -3 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -2 }
// { "x" : 1, "y" : -1 }

// Desc.
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false}).sort({x:-1})
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -3 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -2 }
// { "x" : 1, "y" : -1 }

// Order matters: syntax is not analogous to unordered JavaScript objects.
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5525795/does-javascript-guarantee-object-property-order
// Compare to APIs like Meteor http://docs.meteor.com/#/full/sortspecifiers
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false}).sort({x:1, y:1})
// { "x" : 1, "y" : -1 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -3 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -2 }
db.collection0.find({}, {_id:false}).sort({y:1, x:1})
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -3 }
// { "x" : 2, "y" : -2 }
// { "x" : 1, "y" : -1 }

db.collection0.remove({})

limit

skip

db.collection0.insert({x:1})
db.collection0.insert({x:2})
db.collection0.insert({x:3})
db.collection0.insert({x:4})
db.collection0.find({},{_id:false}).sort({x:1}).skip(1).limit(2)
// { "x" : 2 }
// { "x" : 3 }
db.collection0.remove({})

assert

Bibliography

Manual: http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/

console.log on server

https://forums.meteor.com/t/seeing-console-log-server-side-output/1130