27.4.4. pthreads
POSIX' multithreading API. Contrast with fork which is for processes.
This was for a looong time the only "portable" multithreading alternative, until C++11 finally added threads, thus also extending the portability to Windows.
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userland/posix/pthread_self.c: the simplest example possible
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userland/posix/pthread_count.c: count an atomic varible across threads
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userland/posix/pthread_deadlock.c: purposefully create a deadlock to see what it looks like
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userland/posix/pthread_barrier.c: related: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28663622/understanding-posix-barrier-mechanism